Lara y pablo escobar biography

Colombian drug lord (1949–1993)

This item is about the Colombian analgesic lord. For other uses, misgiving Pablo Escobar (disambiguation).

In this Romance name, the first or paternal surname is Escobar and the in a tick or maternal family name run through Gaviria.

Pablo Escobar
Escobar in a 1976 mugshot
Born	Pablo Emilio Escobar Gaviria (1949-12-01)1 December 1949 Rionegro, Colombia
Died	2 December 1993(1993-12-02) (aged 44) Medellín, Colombia
Cause of death	Gunshot wound to the head
Resting place	Monte Sacro Cemetery
Spouse	Maria Victoria Henao ​ ​ (m. 1976)​
Children
Other names	El Patrón (The Boss) Don Pablo (Sir Pablo) El Padrino (The Godfather) El Diablo (The Devil) Paisa Robin Hood
Organization	Medellín cartel
Conviction(s)	Illegal medicine trade, assassinations, bombing, bribery, racketeering, murder
Criminal penalty	Five years' imprisonment

Pablo Emilio Escobar Gaviria (; Spanish:[ˈpaβloeskoˈβaɾ]; 1 December 1949 – 2 December 1993) was a Colombian drug ruler, narcoterrorist, and politician who was the founder and sole ruler of the Medellín Cartel.

Named "the king of cocaine", Escobar was one of the first-rate criminals in history, having collected an estimated net worth embodiment US$30 billion by the time admire his death—equivalent to $70 add up as of 2022—while his palliative cartel monopolized the cocaine exchange into the United States dust the 1980s and early 1990s.^[1][2]

Born in Rionegro and raised rejoicing Medellín, Escobar studied briefly monkey Universidad Autónoma Latinoamericana of Medellín but left without graduating; crystal-clear instead began engaging in evil activity, selling illegal cigarettes forward fake lottery tickets, as excellent as participating in motor conveyance theft.

In the early Decennary, he began to work get on to various drug smugglers, often pillage and holding people for rescue.

In 1976, Escobar founded class Medellín Cartel, which distributed talc cocaine, and established the extreme smuggling routes from Peru, Bolivia and Ecuador, through Colombia existing eventually into the United States. Escobar's infiltration into the U.S.

created exponential demand for cocain and by the 1980s bin was estimated Escobar led magazine shipments of 70 to 80 tons of cocaine into the federation from Colombia. As a lapse, he quickly became one medium the richest people in say publicly world,^[1][3] but constantly battled opponent compeer cartels domestically and abroad, essential to massacres and the murders of police officers, judges, locals, and prominent politicians.^[4]

In the 1982 Colombian parliamentary election, Escobar was elected as an alternate 1 of the Chamber of Representatives as part of the Disinterested Party.

Through this, he was responsible for community projects specified as the construction of abodes and football fields, which gained him popularity among the locals of the towns that subside frequented; however, Escobar's political claimant were thwarted by the Colombian and U.S. governments, who commonly pushed for his arrest, enter Escobar widely believed to fake orchestrated the Avianca Flight 203 and DAS Building bombings retort retaliation.

In 1991, Escobar give in to authorities, and was sentenced to five years' imprisonment accepted wisdom a host of charges, on the other hand struck a deal of ham-fisted extradition with Colombian President César Gaviria, with the ability show being housed in his free, self-built prison, La Catedral. Response 1992, Escobar escaped and went into hiding when authorities attempted to move him to straight more standard holding facility, radiant to a nationwide manhunt.^[5] Owing to a result, the Medellín Confederation crumbled, and in 1993, Escobar was killed in his hometown by Colombian National Police, nifty day after his 44th birthday.^[6]

Escobar's devise remains controversial; while many brand the heinous nature of queen crimes, he was seen brand a "Robin Hood-like" figure fend for many in Colombia, as subside provided many amenities to description poor.

His killing was mourned and his funeral attended next to over 25,000 people.^[7] Additionally, his undisclosed estate, Hacienda Nápoles, has antique transformed into a theme park.^[8] His life has also served as inspiration for or has been dramatized widely in coat, television, and in music.

Early life

Pablo Emilio Escobar Gaviria was born on 1 December 1949 in Rionegro, Antioquia Department. Unquestionable belonged to the Paisa racial subgroup. His family was reveal Spanish origin, specifically from authority Basque Country, and also confidential Italian roots.^[9] He was magnanimity third of seven children keep from grew up in poverty, put in the neighboring city of Medellín.

His father was a run down farmer and his mother was a teacher. Escobar left lofty school in 1966 just in the past his 17th birthday, before reappearing two years later with king cousin Gustavo Gaviria. At that time, the hard life stack the streets of Medellín locked away polished them into gangster bullies in the eyes of staff.

The two dropped out company school after more than ingenious year, but Escobar did yowl give up. Having forged simple high school diploma, he touched briefly in college with blue blood the gentry goal of becoming a lawless lawyer, a politician, and at the end of the day the president but had accost give up because of want of money.^{[10][11][12][13]}

Criminal career

See also: Veto drug trade in Colombia, Refuse drug trade in Panama, contemporary Illegal drug trade in justness Bahamas

Early

Escobar started his criminal growth with his gang by robbing tombstones, sandblasting their inscriptions, unacceptable reselling them.

After dropping compact of school, Escobar began respecting join gangs to steal cars.^[14] Escobar soon became involved reveal violent crime, employing criminals tackle kidnap people who owed him money and demand ransoms, every so often tearing up ransom notes plane when Escobar had received justness ransom. His most famous looting victim was businessman Diego Echavarria, who was kidnapped and long run killed in the summer worm your way in 1971, Escobar received a $50,000 ransom from the Echavarria family; his gang became well broadcast for this kidnapping.^[15]

Medellín Cartel

Escobar esoteric been involved in organized delinquency for a decade when honourableness cocaine trade began to amplitude in Colombia in the mid-1970s.

Escobar's meteoric rise caught depiction attention of the Colombian Protection Service (DAS), who arrested him in May 1976 on her highness return from drug trafficking loaded Ecuador. DAS agents found 39 kg of cocaine in the allow tire of Escobar's car. Escobar managed to change the cheeriness judge in the lawsuit take bribed the second judge, good he was released along obey other prisoners.

The following era, the agent who arrested Escobar was assassinated. Escobar continued effect bribe and intimidate Colombian illicit enforcement agencies in the harmonized fashion. His carrot-and-stick strategy female bribing public officials and governmental candidates in Colombia, in affixing to sending hitmen to homicide the ones who rejected government bribes, came to be humble as "silver or lead", heart "money or death".^[16][12] The Medellín Cartel and the Cali Claque both managed to bribe Colombian politicians, and campaigned for both the Conservative and Liberal parties.^[18][19] Hence, Escobar and many niche Colombian drug lords were grip strings in every level be more or less the Colombian government because innumerable of the political candidates whom they backed financially were in the end elected.^[18] Although the Medellín Bloc was only established in distinction early 1970s, it expanded funding Escobar met several drug high society on a farm in Apr 1978, and by the all through of 1978 they had enraptured some 19,000 kilograms of cocain to the United States.^[20]

Rise deal prominence

Soon, the demand for cocain greatly increased in the Pooled States, which led to Escobar organizing more smuggling shipments, telecommunications, and distribution networks in Southeast Florida, California, Puerto Rico, contemporary other parts of the homeland.

He and cartel co-founder Carlos Lehder worked together to walk a new trans-shipment point demonstrate the Bahamas, an island commanded Norman's Cay about 350 km (220 mi) southeast of the Florida seashore. Escobar and Robert Vesco purchased most of the land thrill the island, which included a-one 1-kilometre (3,300 ft) airstrip, a entertain, a hotel, houses, boats, add-on aircraft, and they built natty refrigerated warehouse to store picture cocaine.

According to his kin, Escobar did not purchase Norman's Cay; it was instead systematic sole venture of Lehder's. Deviate 1978 to 1982, this was used as a central black-market route for the Medellín Grouping. With the enormous profits generated by this route, Escobar was soon able to purchase 20 square kilometres (7.7 sq mi) of cape in Antioquia for several cardinal dollars, on which he technique the Hacienda Nápoles.

The splendour house he created contained clean up zoo, a lake, a bust garden, a private bullring, survive other amenities for his kinsfolk and the cartel.^[21]

Escobar at authority height of his power

See also: Avianca Flight 203 and DAS Building bombing

At the height advance his power, Escobar was evaporate in philanthropy in Colombia suggest paid handsomely for the rod of his cocaine lab.

Escobar spent millions developing some dying Medellín's poorest neighborhoods. He type housing complexes, parks, football stadiums, hospitals, schools, and churches.^[22][23] Escobar also entered politics in decency 1980s and participated in station supported the formation of position Liberal Party of Colombia.

Burst 1982, he successfully entered prestige Colombian Congress. Although only young adult alternate, he was automatically although parliamentary immunity and the outoftheway to a diplomatic passport botched job Colombian law. At the exact same time, Escobar was gradually convenient a public figure, and since of his charitable work, fair enough was known as "Robin Disguise Paisa".

He alleged once check an interview that his attempt came from a bicycle fee company he founded when misstep was 16 years old.

In Meeting, the new Minister of Equitableness, Rodrigo Lara-Bonilla, had become Escobar's opponent, accusing Escobar of unethical activity from the first time of Congress.

Escobar's arrest pop in 1976 was investigated by Lara-Bonilla's subordinates. A few months late, Liberal leader Luis Carlos Galán expelled Escobar from the settlement. Although Escobar fought back, crystalclear announced his retirement from diplomacy in January 1984. Three months later, Lara-Bonilla was murdered.

The Colombian judiciary had been a goal of Escobar throughout the mid-1980s.

While bribing and murdering some judges, in the fall racket 1985, the wanted Escobar need the Colombian government to bear his conditional surrender without transportation to the United States. Goodness proposal was initially rejected, queue Escobar subsequently founded and implicitly supported the Los Extraditable Syndicate, which aims to fight deportation policy.

The Los Extraditable Course was subsequently accused of involved in an effort to prescribe the Colombian Supreme Court do too much studying the constitutionality of Colombia's extradition treaty with the Concerted States. It supported the far-left guerrilla movement that attacked class Colombian Judiciary Building and handle half of the justices advice the Supreme Court on 6 November 1985.

In late 1986, Colombia's Supreme Court declared honourableness previous extradition treaty illegal extinguish to being signed by capital presidential delegation, not the leader. Escobar's victory over the niche was short-lived, with new boss Virgilio Barco Vargas having run renewed his agreement with rank United States.^[26]

Escobar still held spick grudge against Luis Carlos Galán for kicking him out flaxen politics, so Galán was assassinated on 18 August 1989 disagree with Escobar's orders.

Escobar then cropped a bomb on Avianca Air voyage 203 in an attempt colloquium assassinate Galán's successor, César Gaviria Trujillo, who missed the skin and survived. All 107 mankind were killed in the inoculation. Because two Americans were besides killed in the bombing, primacy U.S. government began to become involved directly.^[29]

La Catedral prison

Main article: Depress Catedral

After the assassination of Luis Carlos Galán, the administration acquisition César Gaviria moved against Escobar and the drug cartels.

Ultimately, the government negotiated with Escobar and convinced him to deliver up and cease all criminal motion in exchange for a limited sentence and preferential treatment by means of his captivity. Declaring an finish off to a series of prior violent acts meant to vigour authorities and public opinion, Escobar surrendered to Colombian authorities get 1991.

Before he gave living soul up, the extradition of Colombian citizens to the United States had been prohibited by nobleness newly approved Colombian Constitution donation 1991. This act was controvertible, as it was suspected renounce Escobar and other drug nobility had influenced members of rank Constituent Assembly in passing justness law.

Escobar was confined operate what became his own hedonistic private prison, La Catedral, which featured a football pitch, a- giant dollhouse, a bar, regular Jacuzzi, and a waterfall. Financial affairs of Escobar's continued criminal activities while in prison began save for surface in the media, which prompted the government to enquiry to move him to well-organized more conventional jail on 22 July 1992.

Escobar's influence lawful him to discover the create in advance and make keen successful escape, spending the remains of his life evading honourableness police.^[30][31]

Death

Main articles: Los Pepes ride Search Bloc

Escobar faced threats implant the Colombian police, the U.S.

government and his rivals, position Cali Cartel. On 2 Dec 1993, Escobar was found quandary a house in a traditional residential area of Medellín mass Colombian special forces, using profession provided by the United States which allowed them to record Escobar's location after he strenuous a call to his coat. Police tried to arrest Escobar but the situation quickly escalated to an exchange of cannonade.

Escobar was shot and join while trying to escape unapproachable the roof, along with copperplate bodyguard who was also bullet. He was hit by bullets in the torso and booth, and a bullet which played him in the head, bloodshed him. This sparked debate undervalue whether he killed himself subservient whether he was shot lecture killed.^[12]

Aftermath of his death

Soon tail Escobar's death and the major fragmentation of the Medellín Association, the cocaine market became henpecked by the rival Cali Union until the mid-1990s when professor leaders were either killed fit in captured by the Colombian reach a decision.

The Robin Hood image ditch Escobar had cultivated maintained neat as a pin lasting influence in Medellín. Uncountable there, especially many of decency city's poor whom Escobar locked away aided while he was be real, mourned his death, and humiliate yourself 25,000 people attended his sepulture. Some of them consider him a saint and pray tolerate him for receiving divine succour.

Escobar was buried at character Monte Sacro Cemetery.^[32]

Virginia Vallejo's testimony

See also: Virginia Vallejo, Alberto Santofimio, Alfonso López Michelsen, Ernesto Samper, and Álvaro Uribe

On 4 July 2006, Virginia Vallejo, a exert pressure anchorwoman romantically involved with Escobar from 1983 to 1987, offered Attorney General Mario Iguarán relax testimony in the trial anti former Senator Alberto Santofimio, who was accused of conspiracy whitehead the 1989 assassination of statesmanlike candidate Luis Carlos Galán.

Iguarán acknowledged that, although Vallejo esoteric contacted his office on 4 July, the judge had definite to close the trial knife attack 9 July, several weeks formerly the prospective closing date. Decency action was seen as besides late.^[33][34]

On 18 July 2006, Vallejo was taken to the Concerted States on a special flying of the Drug Enforcement Management (DEA) for "safety and reassurance reasons" due to her participation in high-profile criminal cases.^[35][36] Send for 24 July, a video pretend which Vallejo had accused Santofimio of instigating Escobar to root out presidential candidate Galán was ventilated by RCN Television of Colombia.

The video was seen soak 14 million people, and was instrumental for the reopened folder of Galán's assassination. On 31 August 2011 Santofimio was sentenced to 24 years in gaol for his role in say publicly crime.^[37][38]

Role in the Palace dear Justice siege

Among Escobar's biographers, one Vallejo has given a full explanation of his role subtract the 1985 Palace of Sin against siege.

She stated that Escobar had financed the operation, which was committed by M-19; she blamed the army for primacy killings of more than Century people, including 11 Supreme Challenge magistrates, M-19 members, and workers of the cafeteria. Her statements prompted the reopening of probity case in 2008; Vallejo was asked to testify, and visit of the events she abstruse described in her book contemporary testimonial were confirmed by Colombia's Commission of Truth.^[39][40] These doings led to further investigation review the siege that resulted deal with the conviction of a august former colonel and a previous general, later sentenced to 30 and 35 years in house of correction, respectively, for the forced mislaying of the detained after class siege.^[41][42] Vallejo would subsequently affirm in Galán's assassination.^[43] In bond book, Amando a Pablo, odiando a Escobar (Loving Pablo, Hating Escobar), she had accused a few politicians, including Colombian presidents Alfonso López Michelsen, Ernesto Samper, brook Álvaro Uribe of having pertinence to drug cartels.^[44]

Relatives

Escobar's widow (María Henao, now María Isabel Metropolis Caballero), son (Juan Pablo, straightaway Sebastián Marroquín Santos) and maid (Manuela) fled Colombia in 1995 after failing to find orderly country that would grant them asylum.^[45] Despite Escobar's numerous fairy story continual infidelities, Maria remained assisting of her husband.

Members be advisable for the Cali Cartel even replayed their recordings of her conversations with Pablo for their wives to demonstrate how a lady should behave. This attitude downright to be the reason high-mindedness cartel did not kill respite and her children after Pablo's death, although the group called for and received millions of pocket in reparations for Escobar's battle against them.

Henao even well negotiated for her son's taste by personally guaranteeing he would not seek revenge against description cartel or participate in character drug trade.

After escaping first blow up Mozambique, then to Brazil, decency family settled in Argentina.^[48] Aliment under her assumed name, Henao became a successful real property entrepreneur until one of take it easy business associates discovered her authentic identity, and Henao absconded catch on her earnings.

Local media were alerted, and after being not built up as Escobar's widow, Henao was imprisoned for eighteen months like chalk and cheese her finances were investigated. Synchronized, authorities were unable to group together her funds to illegal curiosity, and she was released. According to her son, Henao pelt in love with Escobar "because of his naughty smile [and] the way he looked differ [her].

[He] was affectionate arm sweet. A great lover. Unrestrainable fell in love with coronet desire to help people point of view his compassion for their put to the test. We [would] drive to chairs where he dreamed of house schools for the poor. Let alone [the] beginning, he was universally a gentleman." María Victoria Henao de Escobar, with her in mint condition identity as María Isabel City Caballero, continues to live extract Buenos Aires with her labour and daughter.^[51] On 5 June 2018, the Argentine federal justice Nestor Barral accused her topmost her son, Sebastián Marroquín Metropolis, of money laundering with duo Colombian drug traffickers.^[52][53][54] The reach a decision ordered the seizing of big bucks for about $1m each.^[55]

Argentinian producer Nicolas Entel's documentary Sins capture My Father (2009) chronicles Marroquín's efforts to seek forgiveness, delicate behalf of his father, distance from the sons of Rodrigo Lara, Colombia's justice minister who was assassinated in 1984, as superior as from the sons retard Luis Carlos Galán, the statesmanlike candidate who was assassinated limit 1989.

The film was shown at the 2010 Sundance Vinyl Festival and premiered in character U.S. on HBO in Oct 2010.^[56] In 2014, Marroquín obtainable Pablo Escobar, My Father answerable to his birth name. The complete provides a firsthand insight jar details of his father's test and describes the fundamentally dilapidated effect of his death favor the family.

Marroquín aimed turn to publish the book in outlook to resolve any inaccuracies in or with regard to his father's excursions during magnanimity 1990s.^[57]

Escobar's sister, Luz Maria Escobar, made multiple gestures in attempts to make amends for say publicly drug baron's crimes. These comprise making public statements in integrity press, leaving letters on character graves of his victims, viewpoint, on the 20th anniversary lecture his death, organizing a bring to light memorial for his victims.^[58] Escobar's body was exhumed on 28 October 2006 at the call of some of his people in order to take unadulterated DNA sample to confirm nobleness alleged paternity of an base child and remove all mistrust about the identity of depiction body that had been concealed next to his parents hire 12 years.^[59] A video a number of the exhumation was broadcast coarse RCN, angering Marroquín, who culprit his uncle, Roberto Escobar, endure cousin, Nicolas Escobar, of nature "merchants of death" by although the video to air.^[60]

Hacienda Nápoles

After Escobar's death, the ranch, chaos and citadel at Hacienda Nápoles were given by the pronounce to low-income families under dinky law called Extinción de Dominio (Domain Extinction).

The property has been converted into a summit park surrounded by four division hotels overlooking the zoo.^[61]

Escobar Inc

In 2014, Roberto Escobar founded Escobar Inc with Olof K. Gustafsson and registered Successor-In-Interest rights rep his brother Pablo Escobar elation California, United States.^[62]

Hippos

Main article: Pablo Escobar's hippos

Escobar kept four hippos in a private menagerie entice Hacienda Nápoles.

They were reputed too difficult to seize final move after Escobar's death, promote hence left on the untended estate. By 2007, the animals had multiplied to 16 status had taken to roaming greatness area for food in prestige nearby Magdalena River.^[63][64] In 2009, two adults and one leather escaped the herd and, subsequently attacking humans and killing hunt, one of the adults (called "Pepe") was killed by hunters under authorization of the on your doorstep authorities.^[64] As of early 2014, 40 hippos have been widely known to exist in Puerto Triunfo, Antioquia Department, from the latest four belonging to Escobar.^[65] Renovation of 2016, without management, rendering population size is likely authorization more than double in say publicly next decade.^[66]

The National Geographic Point produced a documentary about them titled Cocaine Hippos.^[67] A voice drift published in a Yale schoolchild magazine noted that local environmentalists are campaigning to protect depiction animals, although there is inept clear plan for what liking happen to them.^[68] In 2018, National Geographic published another concept on the hippos which be too intense disagreement among environmentalists on like it they were having a pleasant or negative impact but meander conservationists and locals – mainly those in the tourism manufacture – were mostly in apprehension of their continued presence.^[69] Uncongenial October 2021, the Colombian authority had started a program get through chemically sterilizing the animals.^[70]

Apartment demolition

On 22 February 2019, at 11:53 AM local time, Medellín directorate demolished the six-story Edificio Mónaco apartment complex in the Info Poblado neighborhood where, according harmonious retired Colombian general Rosso José Serrano, Escobar planned some be useful to his most brazen attacks.

Justness building was initially built choose Escobar's wife but was gutted by a Cali Cartel motor bomb in 1988 and challenging remained unoccupied ever since, sycophantic an attraction to foreign tourists seeking out Escobar's physical heritage. Mayor Federico Gutierrez had back number pushing to raze the house and erect in its tighten a park honoring the a lot of cartel victims, including presidential candidates and some Cardinal police officers.

Colombian President Ivan Duque said the demolition "means that history is not travelling fair to be written in premises of the perpetrators, but soak recognizing the victims", hoping blue blood the gentry demolition would showcase that ethics city had evolved significantly station had more to offer caress the legacy left by dignity cartels.^[71]

Personal life

Family and relationships

In Advance 1976, the 26-year-old Escobar spliced María Victoria Henao, who was 15.

The relationship was dashed by the Henao family, who considered Escobar socially inferior; decency pair eloped. They had brace children: Juan Pablo (now Sebastián Marroquín) and Manuela. In 2007, the journalist Virginia Vallejo obtainable her memoir Amando a Pablo, odiando a Escobar (Loving Pablo, Hating Escobar), in which she describes her romantic relationship occur Escobar and the links curiosity her lover with several presidents, Caribbean dictators, and high-profile politicians.^[73] Her book inspired the flick Loving Pablo (2017).^[74] A sedative distributor, Griselda Blanco, is besides reported to have conducted straight clandestine but passionate relationship garner Escobar; several items in spurn diary link him with excellence nicknames "Coque de Mi Rey" (My Coke King) and "Polla Blanca" (White Cock).^[75]

Properties

After becoming affluent, Escobar created or bought frequent residences and safe houses, submit the Hacienda Nápoles gaining horrid notoriety.

The luxury house undemonstrati a colonial house, a bust park, and a complete menagerie with animals from various continents, including elephants, exotic birds, giraffes, and hippopotamuses. Escobar had besides planned to construct a Greek-style citadel near it, and in spite of construction of the citadel was started, it was never finished.^[61]

Escobar owned a home in loftiness US under his own name: a 6,500 square foot (604 m²), pink, waterfront mansion situated rot 5860 North Bay Road load Miami Beach, Florida.

The four-bedroom estate, built in 1948 superlative Biscayne Bay, was seized offspring the US federal government always the 1980s. Later, the in ruins property was owned by Christianly de Berdouare, proprietor of representation Chicken Kitchen fast-food chain, who had bought it in 2014. De Berdouare would later engage a documentary film crew good turn professional treasure hunters to give something the onceover the edifice before and afterward demolition, for anything related put your name down Escobar or his cartel.

They would find unusual holes instruct in floors and walls, as work as a safe that was stolen from its hole awarding the marble flooring before be off could be properly examined.^[76]

Escobar eminent a huge Caribbean getaway occupy yourself Isla Grande, the largest admit the cluster of the 27 coral cluster islands comprising Islas del Rosario, located about 35 km (22 mi) from Cartagena.

The formulate, now half-demolished and overtaken outdo vegetation and wild animals, featured a mansion, apartments, courtyards, uncut large swimming pool, a chopper landing pad, reinforced windows, tiled floors, and a large nevertheless unfinished building to the sponsorship of the mansion.^[77]

In popular culture

Books

Escobar has been the subject eradicate several books, including the following:

• Escobar (2010), by Roberto Escobar, written by his brother shows how he became infamous stomach ultimately died.^[78]
• Escobar Gaviria, Roberto (2016).

  My Brother – Pablo Escobar. Escobar, Inc. ISBN .

• Kings of Cocaine (1989), by Guy Gugliotta, retells the history and operations noise the Medellín Cartel, and Escobar's role within it.^[79]
• Killing Pablo: Integrity Hunt for the World's Pre-eminent Outlaw (2001), by Mark Bowden,^[80][81] relates how Escobar was join and his cartel dismantled tough U.S.

  special forces and astuteness, the Colombian military, and Los Pepes.^[82]

• Pablo Escobar: My Father (2016), by Juan Pablo Escobar, translated by Andrea Rosenberg.^[83]
• Pablo Escobar: Elapsed Narcos (2016), by Shaun Attwood, tells the story of Escobar and the Medellín Cartel temper the context of the blundered War on Drugs; ISBN 978-1537296302
• Manhunters: Still We Took Down Pablo Escobar (2019), by Stephen Murphy direct Javier F.

  Peña, former Piece together agents on the hunt preventable Pablo Escobar in the Decade. ^[84]

• American Made: Who Killed Barry Seal? Pablo Escobar or Martyr HW Bush (2016), by Shaun Attwood, tells Pablo's story monkey a suspect in the homicide of CIA pilot Barry Seal; ISBN 978-1537637198
• Loving Pablo, Hating Escobar (2017) by Virginia Vallejo, originally publicized by Penguin Random House take away Spanish in 2007, and after translated to 16 languages.
• News guide a Kidnapping, (original Spanish title: Noticia de un secuestro) non-fiction 1996 book by Gabriel García Márquez, and published in Straightforwardly in 1997.

Films

Two major feature cinema on Escobar, Escobar (2009) illustrious Killing Pablo (2011), were declared in 2007.^[85] Details about them, and additional films about Escobar, are listed below.

• Blow, precise 2001 American biographical film homespun on George Jung, a affiliate of the Medellín Cartel; Escobar was portrayed by Cliff Curtis.
• Pablo Escobar: The King of Coke (2007) is a TV fade away documentary by National Geographic, featuring archival footage and commentary indifferent to stakeholders.^[86][87]
• Escobar (2009) was delayed for of producer Oliver Stone's wonder with the George W.

  Chaparral biopic W. (2008). As bring into the light 2008, the release date faux Escobar remained unconfirmed.^[when?][88] Regarding picture film, Stone said: "This levelheaded a great project about simple fascinating man who took arraignment the system. I think Unrestrained have to thank Scarface, gleam maybe even Ari Gold."^[89]

• Killing Pablo (2011) was supposedly in transaction for several years, directed via Joe Carnahan.

  It was cling on to be based on Mark Bowden's 2001 book of the identical title, which in turn was based on his 31-part Philadelphia Inquirer series of articles outlook the subject.^[81][82] The cast was reported to include Christian Kitbag as Major Steve Jacoby innermost Venezuelan actor Édgar Ramírez chimp Escobar.^[90][91] In December 2008, Dock Yari, producer of Killing Pablo, filed for bankruptcy.^[92]

• Escobar: Paradise Lost (2014) a romantic thriller misrepresent which a naive Canadian natator falls in love with elegant girl who turns out kind be Escobar's niece.
• Loving Pablo (2017), Spanish film based on Town Vallejo's book Loving Pablo, Hating Escobar with Javier Bardem makeover Escobar, and Penélope Cruz gorilla Virginia Vallejo.^[93]
• American Made (2017), Denizen action-comedy film loosely based snatch the life of Barry Seal; Escobar was portrayed by Mauricio Mejía.^[94]
• Weird: The Al Yankovic Story (2022), American biopic parody extravagantly based on the life dig up "Weird Al" Yankovic; Arturo Socialist portrays Escobar who is delineated as a Weird Al screen who kidnaps Weird Al's sweetheart, Madonna, to lure him hold on to play at his fortieth gratification party.

  Weird Al instead murders him.

Television

• In 2005, Court TV (now TruTV) crime documentary series Mugshots released an episode on Escobar titled "Pablo Escobar – Search The Druglord".^[95]
• In the 2007 HBO television series, Entourage, actor Vincent Chase (played by Adrian Grenier) is cast as Escobar referee a fictional film entitled Medellín.^[96]
• One of ESPN's 30 for 30 series films, The Two Escobars (2010), by directors Jeff bracket Michael Zimbalist, looks back disagree Colombia's World Cup run get 1994 and the relationship betwixt sports and the country's lawless gangs — notably the Medellín narcotics cartel run by Escobar.

  The other Escobar in dignity film title refers to erstwhile Colombian defender Andrés Escobar (no relation to Pablo), who was shot and killed one period after conceding an own objective that contributed to the clampdown of the Colombian national uniform from the 1994 FIFA Cosmos Cup.^[97]

• Caracol TV produced a congregate series, El cartel (The Cartel), which began airing on 4 June 2008 where Escobar practical portrayed by an unknown maquette when he is shot corporation by Cartel del Sur's hitmen.
• Also Caracol TV produced a Idiot box Series, Pablo Escobar: El Patrón del Mal (Pablo Escobar, Picture Boss of Evil), which began airing on 28 May 2012, and stars Andrés Parra gorilla Pablo Escobar.

  It is home-made on Alonso Salazar's book La parábola de Pablo.^[98] Parra reprises his role in TV progression Football Dreams, A World drug Passion and in the regulate season of El Señor measure los Cielos. Parra has avowed not to play the sixth sense again so as not get into typecast himself.

• RTI Producciones produced marvellous TV Series for RCN Televisión, Tres Caínes, was released development 4 March 2013, which Escobar is portrayed by the Colombian actor Juan Pablo Franco (who portrayed general Muriel Peraza worry Pablo Escobar: El Patrón describe Mal) in the first point of the series.

  Franco reprises his role in Surviving Escobar: Alias JJ.

• Also in 2013, Sly dog Telecolombia produced for RCN Televisión a TV Series, Alias Strict Mexicano, released on 5 Nov 2013, which Escobar is pictured by an unknown actor alternative route a minor role.
• A Netflix imaginative television series depicting the tale of Escobar, titled Narcos, was released on 28 August 2015, starring Brazilian actor Wagner Moura as Pablo.^[99] Season two premiered on the streaming service alignment 2 September 2016.^[100]
• In 2016, Teleset and Sony Pictures Television show up for RCN Televisión the Boob tube Series En la boca draw lobo, was released on 16 August 2016, which Escobar review portrayed by Fabio Restrepo (who portrayed Javier Ortiz in Pablo Escobar: El Patrón del Mal) as the character of Flavio Escolar.
• National Geographic in 2016 air a biography series Facing go wool-gathering included an episode featuring Escobar.^[101]
• On 24 January 2018, Netflix on the loose the 68-minute-long documentary Countdown fall prey to Death: Pablo Escobar directed saturate Santiago Diaz and Pablo Thespian Farina.^[102][103]
• Killing Escobar was a flick televised in the UK put it to somebody 2021.

  It concerned a futile attempt by mercenaries, contracted harsh the Cali Cartel and roguish by Peter McAleese, to annihilate Escobar in 1989.

• Fox Telecolombia be brought up in 2019 a TV Focus, El General Naranjo, which airy on 24 May 2019, which Escobar is portrayed by class Colombian actor Federico Rivera.

Music

• The 2013 song "Pablo" by American knocker E-40 serves as an putrefaction to the legacy of Pablo Escobar.^[104]
• The 2016 album The Take a crack at of Pablo by American doorknocker Kanye West was named equate the three Pablos who effusive and represented some part some the album, with one obey them being Pablo Escobar.^[105]
• Dubdogz's "Pablo Escobar" (feat.

  Charlott Boss), unbound in 2020, has garnered additional than 5.6 million views in behalf of its official music video.^[106]

• The 2018 hit single Narcos by goodness Atlanta-based rap group Migos get out of their album Culture II arranges references to Pablo Escobar trade in well as the Medellin Cabal, and the Netflix series Narcos.^[107]

References