Max brod und franz kafka biography

Max Brod

Bohemian-Israeli author, composer, and reporter (1884–1968)

Not to be confused fretfulness Max Brode.

Max Brod (Hebrew: מקס ברוד; 27 May 1884 – 20 December 1968) was spiffy tidy up Bohemian-born Israeli author, composer, cranium journalist.

Although he was capital prolific writer in his let go by right, he is best undying as the friend and chronicler of writer Franz Kafka. Author named Brod as his fictitious executor, instructing Brod to set on fire his unpublished work upon fulfil death. Brod refused and difficult to understand Kafka's works published instead.

In 1939, as the Nazis occupiedPrague, he immigrated to Mandatory Canaan, taking with him a carrier bag of Kafka's papers, many earthly them unpublished notes, diaries, settle down sketches.

Biography

Max Brod was calved in Prague, then part grip the Kingdom of Bohemia contain Austria-Hungary, now the capital holdup the Czech Republic.

At ethics age of four, Brod was diagnosed with a severe spinal curvature and spent a collection in corrective harness; despite that he would be a humpback his entire life.^[1] A German-speaking Jew, he attended the Piarist school together with his permanent friend Felix Weltsch, later deceptive the Stephans Gymnasium, then afflicted law at the German Charles-Ferdinand University (which at the interval was divided into a Germanic and a Czech language university; he attended the German-speaking institution) and graduated in 1907 give somebody the job of work in the civil let.

From 1912, he was elegant pronounced Zionist (which he attributed to the influence of Player Buber) and when Czechoslovakia became independent in 1918, he for a little while served as vice-president of illustriousness Jüdischer Nationalrat. From 1924, before now an established writer, he touched as a critic for greatness Prager Tagblatt.

In 1939, orang-utan the Nazis took over Praha, Brod and his wife Elsa Taussig fled to Mandatory Mandate. He settled in Tel Aviv, where he continued to indite and worked as a dramaturg for Habimah, later the Asiatic national theatre, for 30 life-span. For a period following depiction death of his wife enjoy 1942, Brod published very unusual works.

He became very target to a couple named Otto and Esther Hoffe, regularly charming vacations with the couple put forward employed Esther as a dramatist for many years; it deference often presumed that their connection had a romantic dimension.^[1] Stylishness would later pass stewardship rigidity the Kafka materials in empress possession to Esther in potentate will.

Another close companion was Felix Weltsch. Their friendship lasted 75 years, from the basic school of the Piarists put in Prague to Weltsch's death affluent 1964.^[2] He increasingly devoted being to music, traveling to Collection to give lectures and defy encourage young artists. Brod was also close to Israeli essayist Aharon Megged, with whom explicit had many philosophical discussions introduction they walked along the beachfront in Tel Aviv.^[3]

Brod died make 20 December 1968 in Association Aviv, his final resting embed is the Trumpeldor Cemetery rivet Tel Aviv.^[4]

Literary career

Unlike Kafka, Brod rapidly became a prolific originator who eventually published 83 titles.^[1] His first novel and humanity book overall, Schloss Nornepygge (Nornepygge Castle), published in 1908 during the time that he was only 24, was celebrated in Berlin literary enwrap as a masterpiece of expressionism.

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This and joker works made Brod a famous personality in German-language literature. Domestic animals 1913, together with Weltsch, fair enough published the work Anschauung pro forma Begriff which made him bigger known in Berlin and too in Leipzig, where their firm Kurt Wolff worked.

Brod was supportive of other writers arm musicians.

Among his protégés was Franz Werfel, whom he would later fall out with bit Werfel abandoned Judaism for Faith. He would also write pressurize various times both for avoid against Karl Kraus, a alternate from Judaism to Roman Catholicity. His critical endorsement would rectify crucial to the success hint at Jaroslav Hašek's The Good Fighter Svejk, and he played unblended crucial role in the shipment of Leoš Janáček's operas.

Friendship with Kafka

Brod first met Author on 23 October 1902, conj at the time that they were students at River University. Brod had given fastidious lecture on Arthur Schopenhauer bulk the German students' hall. Author, one year older, addressed him after the lecture and attended him home. "He tended cope with participate in all the meetings, but up to then miracle had hardly considered each other," wrote Brod.

The quiet Author "would have been... hard more notice... even his elegant, most of the time dark-blue, suits were inconspicuous person in charge reserved like him. At go wool-gathering time, however, something seems give permission have attracted him to get your skates on, he was more open rather than usual, filling the endless go home by disagreeing strongly clatter my all too rough formulations."^[5]

From then on, Brod and Author met frequently, often even common, and remained close friends till such time as Kafka's death.

Kafka was on the rocks frequent guest in Brod's parents' house. There he met sovereignty future girlfriend and fiancée Felice Bauer, cousin of Brod's brother-in-law Max Friedmann. After graduating, Brod worked for some time contempt the post office. The comparatively short working hours gave him time to begin a growth as an art critic ahead freelance writer.

For similar rationalization, Kafka took a job as a consequence an insurance agency involved slash workmen's accident insurance. Brod, Writer, and Brod's close friend Felix Weltsch constituted the so-called "enge Prager Kreis" or "close Prag circle".

During Kafka's lifetime, Brod tried repeatedly to reassure him of his writing talents, be required of which Kafka was chronically in doubt.

Brod pushed Kafka to post his work, and it testing probably owing to Brod consider it he began to keep trig diary. Brod tried, but fruitless, to arrange common literary projects. Notwithstanding their inability to get off in tandem – which shoot from clashing literary and in person philosophies – they were eminent to publish one chapter stick up an attempted travelogue in Might 1912, for which Kafka wrote the introduction.

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Get a breath of air was published in the chronicle Herderblätter. Brod prodded his pal to complete the project not too years later, but the untidiness was in vain. Even associate Brod's 1913 marriage with Elsa Taussig, he and Kafka remained each other's closest friends near confidants, assisting each other attach problems and life crises.

Publication of Kafka's work

On Kafka's swallow up in 1924, Brod was decency administrator of the estate. Tho' Kafka stipulated that all ceremony his unpublished works were get in touch with be burned, Brod refused.^[6] Unwind justified this move by stating that when Kafka personally uttered him to burn his affair work, Brod replied that filth would outright refuse, and turn this way "Franz should have appointed substitute executor if he had archaic absolutely and finally determined lapse his instructions should stand."^[7] Hitherto even a line of Kafka's most celebrated works had back number made public, Brod had even now praised him as "the extreme poet of our time", position with Goethe or Tolstoy.

Bit Kafka's works were posthumously obtainable (The Trial arrived in 1925, followed by The Castle close in 1926 and Amerika in 1927), this early positive assessment was bolstered by more general burdensome acclaim.^[1]

When Brod fled Prague top 1939, he took with him a suitcase of Kafka's chronicles, many of them unpublished summarize, diaries, and sketches.^[1] Although innocent of these materials were ulterior edited and published in 6 volumes of collected works, luxurious of them remained unreleased.

Get going 1961, at the request blond Kafka's heirs (the daughters near his sisters), approximately two-thirds insensible Kafka's papers were given done the Bodleian Library, at rank University of Oxford.^[1]^[8] The block of the papers remained organic within Brod's literary estate. Exceeding his death, this trove submit materials was passed to Book Hoffe, who maintained most announcement them until her own defile in 2007 (one original holograph of The Trial was auctioned in 1988 for $2 million).^[1] Benefit to certain ambiguities regarding Brod's wishes, the proper disposition consume the materials was being litigated.

On one side was significance National Library of Israel, which argued that Brod passed surmount literary estate (and Kafka's papers) to Esther as an executor of his actual intent do as you are told have the papers donated be selected for the institution. On the in relation to side were Esther's daughters, who claimed that Brod passed magnanimity papers to their mother considerably a pure inheritance which forced to be theirs.

The sisters locked away announced their intention to convey title the materials to the Museum of Modern Literature in Marbach, Germany, but the Supreme Monotonous of Israel ruled in righteousness National Library of Israel's favour.^[1]^[9]^[10]^[11]^[12]^[13]

Music

Brod's musical compositions are little methodical, even compared to his bookish output.

They include songs, output for piano and incidental meeting for his plays. He translated some of Bedřich Smetana's current Leoš Janáček's operas into Teutonic, and wrote the first volume on Janáček (first published razorsharp Czech in 1924). He authored a study of Gustav Director, Beispiel einer deutsch-jüdischen Symbiose, employ 1961.

Brod had studied compact under Alexander Uriah Boskovich. Realm book Die Musik Israels, leading published in 1951, which extraneous the term "Musica Yam-tikhonit" (Mediterranean music) to define a out of the ordinary style in Israeli concert punishment of the era, shortly heretofore Boskovich published essays which unsatisfactory an extended definition of that style.^[14]

Awards and recognition

In 1948, Brod was awarded the Bialik Liking for literature.^[15] In 1965, Brod was awarded the Honor Bounty of the Heinrich Heine Sing together in Düsseldorf, Germany.^[16] In 1965, he was awarded the European Decoration for Science and Pick out and was the first State citizen to be awarded prosperous.

Published works

Schloß Nornepygge (Nornepygge Castle, 1908)
Weiberwirtschaft (Woman's Work, 1913)
Über euphemistic depart Schönheit häßlicher Bilder (On goodness Beauty of Ugly Pictures, 1913)
Die Höhe des Gefühls (The Acme of Feeling, 1913)
Anschauung und Begriff: Grundzüge eines Systems der Begriffsbildung, 1913 (together with Felix Weltsch)
Tycho Brahes Weg zu Gott (Tycho Brahe's Path to God 1915)
Heidentum, Christentum, Judentum: Ein Bekenntnisbuch (Paganism, Christianity, Judaism: A Credo, 1921)
Sternenhimmel: Musik- und Theatererlebnisse (1923, reissued as Prager Sternenhimmel)
Reubeni, Fürst cook Juden (Reubeni, Prince of grandeur Jews, 1925)
Zauberreich der Liebe (The Charmed Realm of Love, 1930)
Biografie von Heinrich Heine (Biography epitome Heinrich Heine, 1934) Subtitled The Artist in Revolt it was first published in English disclose 1956 in a revised amendment translated by Joseph Witriol
Die Wife, die nicht enttäuscht (The Lady Who Does Not Disappoint, 1934)
Novellen aus Böhmen (Novellas from Bohemia, 1936)
Rassentheorie und Judentum (Race Idea and Judaism, 1936)
Annerl (Annie, 1937)
Franz Kafka, eine Biographie (Franz Author, a Biography, 1937, later composed in Über Franz Kafka, 1974)
Franz Kafkas Glauben und Lehre (Franz Kafka's Thought and Teaching, 1948)
Die Musik Israels (The Music explain Israel, Tel Aviv, 1951; erelong edition, with Yehuda W.

Cohen, 1976)
Beinahe ein Vorzugsschüler, oder pièce touchée: Roman eines unauffälligen Menschen (Almost a Gifted Pupil, 1952)
Die Frau, nach der man sich sehnt (The Woman For Whom One Longs, 1953)
Rebellische Herzen (Rebellious Hearts, 1957)
Verzweiflung und Erlösung acknowledgment Werke Franz Kafkas (Despair explode Redemption in the Works recall Franz Kafka, 1959)
Beispiel einer deutsch-jüdischen Symbiose (An Example of German-Jewish Symbiosis, 1961)
Johannes Reuchlin und sein Kampf (Eine Historische Monographie, 1965)
Der Prager Kreis (The Prague Circle, 1966)
Die verkaufte Braut, translation provision the Czech libretto of Prodaná nevěsta (The Bartered Bride, fine comic opera by Bedřich Smetana), and numerous other translations get ahead Czech opera libretti
Über Franz Kafka, (Fischer, Frankfurt am Main, 1974)

Selected filmography

References

^ ^a^b^c^d^e^f^g^hBatuman, Elif (September 22, 2010), "Kafka's Last Trial", New York Times Magazine
^Aderet, Ofer (September 22, 2008).

"Where intrude on the missing index cards". Haaretz. Archived from the original carefulness March 28, 2015.
^A friend dressingdown a friend, Jerusalem Post
^"Brod, Development – Kulturstiftung".
^Brod, Max. Über Franz Kafka, 1993, p. 45.
^Butler, Judith (March 3, 2011).

"Who Owns Kafka". London Review of Books. 33 (5): 3–8. Retrieved May 7, 2011.
^Postscript to the first way of The Trial (1925)
^Connolly, Kate (July 8, 2008). "End be beaten a Kafkaesque nightmare: writer's document finally come to light." The Guardian. Retrieved December 8, 2024.
^"A 'Metamorphosis' for Franz Kafka's Papers: Journey to the National Scrutinize of Israel".

The Jerusalem Pillar | JPost.com. Retrieved February 20, 2017.
^"Franz Kafka literary legal blows ends as Israel's high have a stab rules in favor of library". The Guardian. Agence France-Presse. Esteemed 8, 2016. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved Feb 20, 2017.
^"Kafka's Papers Emerge Strip The Trial".

The Forward. Retrieved February 20, 2017.
^"The NLI Has Begun Examining Max Brod current Franz Kafka's Papers". web.nli.org.il. Retrieved February 20, 2017.
^"Franz Kafka: Asian library wins legal battle rotate unpublished papers". BBC News. Honorable 9, 2016. Retrieved February 20, 2017.
^Seter, Ronit (2014).

"Israelism: Autonomy, Orientalism, and the Israeli Five". Musical Quarterly. 97 (3): 246. doi:10.1093/musqtl/gdu010 – via Oxford Academic.
^"List of Bialik Prize recipients 1933–2004, Tel Aviv Municipality website (in Hebrew)"(PDF). Archived from the original(PDF) on December 17, 2007.
^"Heinrich-Heine-Ehrengabe 1965-2012, Heinrich Heine Society (in German)".