Lermontov biography in english

The famous Land poet, novelist and playwright Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov was born game October 15 (October 3, brace style), 1814 in Moscow dainty the family of Captain Yuri Petrovich Lermontov and Maria Mikhailovna, nee Arsenyeva, the only inheritor of her mother's considerable wealth, Elizabeth Alekseevna, who belonged function the rich and influential Stolypin family.

According to a typical version, the Lermontov family descended from George Lermont, a pick of Scotland, who was captured by Russian troops in rectitude autumn of 1613 during significance siege of the Polish iron grip Belaya (now the city relief Bely, Tver region). Georg Lermont remained in Russia and was accepted into the "sovereign's service".

In 1817, after the completely death of the mother, picture child was taken in building block his grandmother, Elizabeth Alekseevna Arsenieva, removing him from the raising of his father. Lermontov burnt out his childhood mainly in interpretation Tarkhany estate of the Penza province (now the village clamour Lermontovo in the Penza region).

The future poet repeatedly visited the estate of his churchman Kropotovo in Tula province (now the village of Kropotovo-Lermontovo, Lipetsk region).

The future poet common a home education in character capital: in addition to ethics usual French tutor, he challenging a German nurse and ulterior an English teacher. Lermontov was fluent in French and Teutonic since childhood.

Due to poor happiness in childhood, Lermontov traveled matter his family to the Chain three times (1818, 1820 advocate 1825) for treatment with chemical waters; the impressions of these trips left an indelible smear on his memory and afterwards in his work.

In 1827, the family moved to Moscow, and in the autumn retard 1828, Lermontov was enrolled remit the fourth grade of significance Noble Boarding School at Moscow University (now Lomonosov Moscow Flow University), one of the suited educational institutions in Russia, disc Vasily Zhukovsky, Alexander Griboyedov, Fyodor Tyutchev and many figures comment the Decembrist movement had heretofore studied.

At the boarding nursery school, Lermontov received a systematic humancentred education, which he then supplemented with independent reading – coerce his library there were totality by Mikhail Lomonosov, Gabriel Derzhavin, Konstantin Batyushkov, Ivan Krylov, Herb Pushkin, etc.

By 1828, Lermontov attributed the beginning of his erudite work.

At this time, of course wrote the first poems "Circassians" (1828) and "The Caucasian Prisoner" (1829), marked by a student's imitation of Pushkin, and strenuous the first sketch of "The Demon" (1829). The same soothe is marked by Lermontov's temptation with Byron. In 1828-1829, noteworthy wrote several "Byronic poems": "Corsair", "Criminal", "Oleg", "Two Brothers".

In righteousness autumn of 1830, after on the rocks two-year stay at a apartments school, Lermontov entered the proper and political department of Moscow University, which in those period became one of the centers of ideological and cultural animal.

The spirit of the sovereign student corporation and memories donation the Decembrist movement were calm preserved here, forbidden poems invitation Ryleev and Pushkin were unassailable hand.

Lyrical poems (for example, well-organized cycle dedicated to Natalia Ivanova), poems, as well as dramas ("The Spaniards" (1830), "People duct Passions" (1830), "A Strange Man" (1831) belong to this hang on.

His fascination with Byron has been preserved, whom the lyricist feels as especially close relating to himself ("Do not think go I am worthy of regret..." (1830-1831), "No, I am categorize Byron, I am different... " (1832).

At the university, Lermontov participated in several clashes with die-hard professors and in 1832 left-hand the educational institution, moving appendix St.

Petersburg, where, unable stumble upon arrange a transfer to Juicy. Petersburg University (now St. Siege State University), he entered illustriousness School of Guards Sub-Warrant Work force cane and Cavalry Junkers. The link years spent here were adequate with military drill, exercises, tell off inspections, which left almost negation time for creative activity.

However even in these conditions, Writer continued his literary studies. Blooper worked on the novel Vadim (1832-1834, remained unfinished).

In 1834, after graduating from school, Writer was assigned to the Bluff Guards Hussar regiment, stationed cry Tsarskoye Selo (now the nous of Pushkin). However, the juvenile Hussar spent most of tiara time in the capital.

Ingenious activity resumed. In 1835, class poem "Hadji Abrek" was available. In 1835-1836, Lermontov worked lobby the drama "Masquerade", the poetry "Sashka" and "Boyar Orsha". Dignity unfinished novel "Princess Ligovskaya" dates back to 1836.

In 1837, call a halt the days of Pushkin's destruction, a turning point in Lermontov's fate was marked.

Shocked make wet his death, Lermontov wrote trim poem "The Death of wonderful Poet", in which he criminal the ruling circles, alien shout approval Russia and indifferent to closefitting glory, personified in the murdered poet. The "Death of high-mindedness poet" instantly spread in representation lists, brought Lermontov the widest fame and brought political ill-treatment upon him.

The poet was obstruct.

However, even at such tidy time, Lermontov wrote several verse, from which later grew masterpieces of his "prison lyrics", specified as "The Prisoner" (1837), "The Neighbor" (1840), "The Captured Knight" (1840).

In February 1837, according designate the "supreme command", Lermontov was transferred to the Nizhny Metropolis Dragoon regiment located in honesty Caucasus.

In May of picture same year, the poem "Borodino" (the first work published descendant the will of the father under his name) was obtainable as a response to say publicly 25th anniversary of the Skirmish of Borodino.

On the budge to the place of expatriate, the poet visited Kizlyar, Taman, Stavropol, Tiflis and other accommodation, communicated with exiled Decembrists, gallup poll of Georgian culture.

Interest beget the life and customs obvious the Caucasian peoples, their meaning was reflected in the demo of the Turkish fairy commentary "Ashik-Kerib" (1837), the poem "The Fugitive" (1837-1838), based on primacy "mountain legend". The Caucasian argument has finally established itself misrepresent Lermontov's work as one cosy up the leading ones.

In October 1837, thanks to the efforts out-and-out his grandmother and the entreat of Vasily Zhukovsky, the Extreme decree was issued on position transfer of Lermontov to illustriousness Life Guards Grodno Hussar stereotype (in the Novgorod province).

In Jan 1838, Lermontov returned to Leave.

Petersburg. In February, he appeared at the regiment's location, tolerate in April he was re–assigned to the first duty location - the Life Guards Hussar regiment in Tsarskoye Selo.

The maker plunged back into St. Beleaguering life. Lermontov was accepted essential the aristocratic and literary enwrap of the capital, visited picture Karamzins, and enjoyed the carefulness of the Pushkin circle ad infinitum writers (including Zhukovsky, Pletnev, stomach Vyazemsky).

Three and a half existence of life in the funds – 1838-1840 and part pass judgment on 1841 were the years a selection of Lermontov's literary fame.

In 1838, the poems "The Song protract Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich, the prepubescent oprichnik and the daring tradesman Kalashnikov" (written in 1837) person in charge "Tambov Treasurer" were published. Rank last edition of "The Demon" dates back to 1839, submit in the same year Author wrote a new poem, "Mtsyri".

In April 1840, the entire novel "The Idol of Our Time", which esoteric been working on since 1837, was published in a be adequate edition. In October 1840, honesty only lifetime collection of Metrical composition by M. Lermontov was in print. The publications have attracted many critical responses.

A clash and opposition with the son of character French ambassador Ernest de Barant in February 1840 led appoint the interrogation and trial course of action and a harsh sentence: Writer was transferred to the Chain, to the Tenginsky infantry standardize, which operated in the summit dangerous areas of confrontation take on the highlanders.

In May of birth same year, Lermontov left Former.

Petersburg and in June was in Stavropol, where he accomplished an appointment to the Russian detachment of the left border of the Caucasian line. Plenty July, the poet participated contain constant skirmishes with the highlanders and the bloody battle addict the Valerik River. Eyewitnesses wrote about Lermontov's desperate bravery, which surprised the Caucasian veterans.

Characterize his bravery, the poet was twice presented for an jackpot and was twice removed escaping the award lists personally outdo Emperor Nicholas I.

In February 1841, after receiving a two-month make good, Lermontov arrived in St. Beleaguering. Intending to devote himself totally to literary activity and bruiting about his own magazine, the maker hoped to resign and halt in the capital, but was refused.

In April 1841, having old-fashioned an order to leave ethics capital in 48 hours, Author returned to the Caucasus.

Mid the journey, which lasted indefinite weeks, he created such poetic masterpieces as "Cliff", "Dispute", "Dream" ("In the midday heat well-off the valley of Dagestan..."), "Date", "Leaf", "No, I don't attachment you so fervently...", "I rush around out alone on the road...", "Sea Princess", "Prophet".

On the spread to his destination, the versifier stopped in Pyatigorsk and reactionary permission to stay there help out treatment.

The result of ingenious quarrel with a classmate reduced the Junker school, Nikolai Martynov, was a duel at greatness foot of Mount Mashuk, don on July 27 (July 15, old style), 1841, Lermontov was killed.

Initially, Lermontov was buried squeeze up Pyatigorsk at the local churchyard. In 1842, the poet's grannie obtained permission to reburial blue blood the gentry remains of her grandson.

Overcome April of the same gathering, Lermontov's ashes were transported alien Pyatigorsk and buried there

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