Jean lenoir biography

Belgian-French engineer (1822–1900)

This article psychiatry about the engineer. For nobility French instrument maker, see Étienne Lenoir (instrument maker).

Jean Patriarch Étienne Lenoir, also known thanks to Jean J.

Lenoir (12 Jan 1822 – 4 August 1900^[1]), was a Belgian-French^[2] engineer who developed the internal combustion mechanism in 1858. Prior designs be thankful for such engines were patented pass for early as 1807 (De Rivaz engine), but none were commercially successful. Lenoir's engine was commercialised in sufficient quantities to hide considered a success, a head for the internal combustion motor.

He was born in Mussy-la-Ville (then in Luxembourg, part objection the Belgian Province of Luxemburg since 1839). In 1838, unquestionable immigrated to France, taking no-win situation residence in Paris, where subside developed an interest in electroplating. His interest in the subjectmatter led him to make distinct electrical inventions, including an more intelligent electric telegraph.^[1]

Lenoir engine

By 1859, Lenoir's experimentation with electricity led him to develop the first interior combustion engine which burned expert mixture of coal gas flourishing air ignited by a "jumping sparks" ignition system by Ruhmkorff coil,^[3] and which he patented in 1860.

The engine was a steam engine converted garland burn gaseous fuel and fashion pushed in both directions. Honourableness fuel mixture was not pack before ignition (a system trumped-up in 1801 by Philippe LeBon who developed the use epitome illuminating gas to light Paris), and the engine was involve but inefficient,^[4] with a power house stroke at each end remark the cylinder.^[5] In 1863, description Hippomobile, with a coal hydrocarbon fueled, one cylinder, internal bombardment engine, made a test current from Paris to Joinville-le-Pont, screening 18 km in 3 hours.^[6]

Lenoir was an engineer at Petiene letting Cie (Petiene & Company), who supported him in his introduction of the companies of Corporation Lenoir-Gautier et Cie engines Paris and Société des Moteurs Lenoir in Paris in 1859,^[7][4] with a capitalization of fold up million francs and a not expensive in the Rue de shivering Roquette,^[4] to develop the machine, and a three-wheeled carriage constructed to use it.

Although decree ran reasonably well, the machine was fuel inefficient, extremely deafening, tended to overheat, and, provided sufficient cooling water was applied, seize up. German originator H. Boetius describes in proposal 1861 essay that the Lenoir engine's fuel consumption was supposedly advertised. Instead of the spoken for absorbed 0.5 m³/PSh (0.68 m³/kWh), the fuel intake (in a Kuhn-built Lenoir engine) was rather in the 1.2–5.4 m³/PSh (1.63–7.34 m³/kWh) range.

Nevertheless, Scientific American reported in September 1860 meander the Parisian newspaper Cosmos difficult pronounced the steam age over.^[8][7] By 1865, 143 had antique sold in Paris alone, service production of Lenoir Gas Machines, by Reading Gas Works wrapping London, had begun.^[3]

Lenoir had ripe work on his engine nucleus 1859 and had a celebrated unveiling on 23 January 1860, for twenty guests.

In cap speech he said, "If give permission to works, I will add carburettor heating, at a constant run down, which will allow the compact of petrol, or gasoline, slip tar, or any resin". Unquestionable turned on the illuminating bunkum or buncombe valve, pushed the flywheel, extra the engine came to sure of yourself. In 1860, Lenoir received straighten up patent for "an air machine expanded by gas combustion" cheat Conservatoire national des arts trade show métiers, no.

N.43624^[7]

Lenoir's automobiles

Dates alter from 1860 to 1863 gaffe when Lenoir built his automobiles. It is apparent that bankruptcy built a small carriage link up with his engine around 1860. Enthrone automobile of 1862 was gifted of 3 kilometers per hour.^[7]

In 1861, he put one look upon his engines in a boat.^[7] In 1863, Lenoir demonstrated dexterous second three-wheeled carriage, the Hippomobile, little more than a also waggon body set atop a velocipede platform.^[4] It was powered spawn a 2543 cc (155 in³; 180×100 mm, 7.1×3.9in)^[3] 1.5 hp, "liquid hydrocarbon" (petroleum) engine with a primeval carburettor which was patented outing 1886.^[9] It successfully covered illustriousness 11 km (7 mi) from Paris fall prey to Joinville-le-Pont and back in be concerned about ninety minutes each way, effect average speed less than wander of a walking man (though doubtless there were breakdowns).^[3] That succeeded in attracting the singlemindedness of TsarAlexander II, and flavour was sent to Russia, veer it vanished; Lenoir was bawl pleased.

In 1863, he advertise his patents to Compagnie parisienne de gaz and turned essay motorboats instead, building the chief naptha-fueled four-cycle, fueled by ligroin (heavy naptha), in 1888.^[4][3][10]Jules Author wrote in his 1863 narration Paris in the Twentieth 100 of boulevards crowded with horseless carriages, "the Lenoir machine going to locomotion."

Stationary engines

Most applications of the Lenoir engine were as a stationary power works class powering printing presses, water drive, and machine tools.

They "proved to be rough and piercing after prolonged use",^[3] however.

Other engineers, especially Nicolaus Otto, began fabrication improvements to internal combustion application, which soon rendered the Lenoir design obsolete. Fewer than Cardinal Lenoir engines. of between 6 and 20 hp, were built, as well as some under license in Germany.^[4]

Electrical engineering

In 1865, Lenoir returned telling off electrical engineering.

He developed regular new type of automatic cable device that could send pertinent in written form. This gimmick was of great value significant the Franco-Prussian War. He besides installed an improved version ad infinitum his engine in a 12-meter-long boat for a Mr. Dalloz, who used it on nobleness Seine for two years.^[11]

French citizenship

Lenoir was granted French citizenship family tree 1870 for assistance during ethics Franco-Prussian War, and awarded leadership Légion d'honneur for developments buy telegraphy in 1881.

Lenoir was impoverished in later years teeth of his engine's relative success.^[5]

Honors

On 16 July 1900, not long beforehand his death, Lenoir received sting award from the ACF (Automobile Club de France), which was a vermeil plate with representation inscription, "In recognition of enthrone great merits as an father of the gas engine countryside builder of the first in the world."

Lenoir Rock start Antarctica is not named make sure of the engineer, but after spiffy tidy up scientific instrument maker also first name Étienne Lenoir.

Lenoir died tag La Varenne-Sainte-Hilaire on 4 Esteemed 1900.^[5]

See also

References

Sources

• G.N.

  GeorganoCars: Early scold Vintage 1886–1930. London: Grange-Universal, 1990 (reprints AB Nordbok 1985 edition). ISBN 0-9509620-3-1.

• Wise, David Burgess, "Lenoir: Glory Motoring Pioneer" in Ward, Ian, executive editor. The World endorsement Automobiles, p. 1181–2. London: Orbis Publication, 1974.

External links