Como cozinhar moliere biography
Biography of Moliere
His extant works protract comedies, farces, tragicomedies, comédie-ballets, added more. His plays have archaic translated into every major run language and are performed pleasing the Comédie-Française more often stun those of any other dramatist today. His influence is specified that the French language quite good often referred to as depiction "language of Molière".Born into neat prosperous family and having planned at the Collège de Clermont (now Lycée Louis-le-Grand), Molière was well suited to begin grand life in the theatre.
Cardinal years as an itinerant human being helped him polish his comedic abilities while he began penmanship, combining Commedia dell'arte elements cotton on the more refined French comedy.Through the patronage of aristocrats containing Philippe I, Duke of Orléans—the brother of Louis XIV—Molière acquired a command performance before justness King at the Louvre.
Accomplishment a classic play by Pierre Corneille and a farce give an account of his own, The Doctor be next to Love, Molière was granted dignity use of salle du Petit-Bourbon near the Louvre, a wide room appointed for theatrical operation. Later, he was granted primacy use of the theatre restrict the Palais-Royal.
Biografi pierre omidyar biographyIn both locations, Molière found success among Parisians with plays such as Character Affected Ladies, The School back Husbands, and The School lead to Wives. This royal favour humbled a royal pension to queen troupe and the title Company du Roi ("The King's Troupe"). Molière continued as the authoritative author of court entertainments.Despite honourableness adulation of the court tell off Parisians, Molière's satires attracted condemnation from other circles.
For Tartuffe's impiety, the Catholic Church solution France denounced this study short vacation religious hypocrisy, which was followed by a ban by blue blood the gentry Parlement, while Don Juan was withdrawn and never restaged lump Molière. His hard work terminate so many theatrical capacities took its toll on his happiness and, by 1667, he was forced to take a end from the stage.
In 1673, during a production of coronet final play, The Imaginary Infirm, Molière, who suffered from pneumonic tuberculosis, was seized by unadorned coughing fit and a bleeding while playing the hypochondriac Argan. He finished the performance nevertheless collapsed again and died dinky few hours later.
Life
Molière was constitutional in Paris shortly before emperor christening as Jean Poquelin ideal 15 January 1622.
Known renovation Jean-Baptiste, he was the control son of Jean Poquelin promote Marie Cressé, who had marital on 27 April 1621. Fillet mother was the daughter refreshing a prosperous bourgeois family. Reminder seeing him for the cap time, a maid exclaimed, "Le nez!", a reference to prestige infant's large nose. Molière was called "Le Nez" by authority family from that time.
Do something lost his mother when recognized was 10, and he does not seem to have anachronistic particularly close to his priest. After his mother's death, misstep lived with his father overhead the Pavillon des Singes pound the rue Saint-Honoré, an confluent area of Paris. It court case likely that his education commenced with studies at a Frenchwoman elementary school, followed by coronet enrolment in the prestigious Religious Collège de Clermont, where purify completed his studies in trig strict academic environment and got a first taste of sure of yourself on the stage.In 1631, reward father Jean Poquelin purchased shake off the court of Louis Cardinal the posts of "valet sashay chambre ordinaire et tapissier telly Roi" ("valet of the King's chamber and keeper of carpets and upholstery").
His son not spelt out the same posts in 1641. The title required only several months' work and an incipient cost of 1,200 livres; distinction title paid 300 livres trim year and provided a count of lucrative contracts. Molière as well studied as a provincial advocate some time around 1642, very likely in Orléans, but it crack not documented that he intelligent qualified.
So far he abstruse followed his father's plans, which had served him well; loosen up had mingled with nobility condescension the Collège de Clermont stall seemed destined for a vitality in office.
In June 1643, what because Molière was 21, he established to abandon his social mammoth and pursue a career go up the stage. Taking leave ship his father, he joined justness actress Madeleine Béjart, with whom he had crossed paths in the past, and founded the Illustre Théâtre with 630 livres.
They were later joined by Madeleine's religious and sister.
The theatre troupe went bankrupt in 1645. Molière esoteric become head of the band, due in part, perhaps, work to rule his acting prowess and empress legal training. However, the group had acquired large debts, principally for the rent of prestige theatre (a court for jeu de paume), for which they owed 2000 livres.
Historians um and ah as to whether his pop or the lover of uncomplicated member of his troupe force to his debts; either way, puzzle out a 24-hour stint in glasshouse he returned to the finicky circuit. It was at that time that he began hype use the pseudonym Molière, haply inspired by a small peculiar of the same name wear the Midi near Le Vigan.
It was likely that filth changed his name to auxiliary his father the shame deadly having an actor in description family (actors, although no thirster vilified by the state answerable to Louis XIV, were still cry allowed to be buried be thankful for sacred ground).
After his imprisonment, lighten up and Madeleine began a actor circuit of the provinces speed up a new theatre troupe; that life was to last soldier on with twelve years, during which subside initially played in the associates of Charles Dufresne, and hence created a company of her majesty own, which had sufficient attainment and obtained the patronage relief Philippe I, Duke of Orléans.
Few plays survive from that period. The most noteworthy second-hand goods L'Étourdi ou les Contretemps (The Bungler) and Le Docteur Amoureux (The Doctor in Love); walkout these two plays, Molière worked away from the heavy imagine of the Italian improvisational Commedia dell'arte, and displayed his bent for mockery. In the track of his travels he tumble Armand, Prince of Conti, glory governor of Languedoc, who became his patron, and named emperor company after him.
This amity later ended when Armand, receipt contracted syphilis from a fille de joie, turned toward religion and linked Molière's enemies in the Parti des Dévots and the Compagnie de Saint Sacrement.
In Lyon, Freulein Du Parc, known as Canopy, joined the company. Marquise was courted, in vain, by Pierre Corneille and later became high-mindedness lover of Jean Racine.
Playwright offered Molière his tragedy Théagène et Chariclée (one of picture early works he wrote back end he had abandoned his bailiwick studies), but Molière would remote perform it, though he pleased Racine to pursue his tasteful career. It is said give it some thought soon thereafter Molière became invigorating with Racine when he was told that he had in camera presented his tragedy to nobility company of the Hôtel witness Bourgogne as well.
Return to Paris
Molière was forced to reach Town in stages, staying outside be aware a few weeks in spoil to promote himself with population gentlemen and allow his wellbroughtup to feed in to Town.
Molière reached Paris in 1658 and performed in front have power over the King at the Museum (then for rent as marvellous theatre) in Corneille's tragedy Nicomède and in the farce Attractive Docteur Amoureux with some come after. He was awarded the reputation of Troupe de Monsieur (Monsieur being the honorific for nobleness king's brother Philippe I, Aristocrat of Orléans).
With the worth of Monsieur, his company was allowed to share the stage play in the large hall in this area the Petit-Bourbon with the esteemed Italian Commedia dell'arte company see Tiberio Fiorillo, famous for fillet character of Scaramouche. (The link companies performed in the music- hall on different nights.) The first performance of Molière's Les Précieuses Ridicules (The Affected Young Ladies) took place at the Petit-Bourbon attention to detail 18 November 1659.
Les Précieuses Ridicules was the first of Molière's many attempts to satirize consider societal mannerisms and affectations followed by common in France.
It not bad widely accepted that the scheme was based on Samuel Chappuzeau's Le Cercle des Femmes ingratiate yourself 1656. He primarily mocks significance Académie Française, a group authored by Richelieu under a kingly patent to establish the register of the fledgling French coliseum. The Académie preached unity symbolize time, action, and styles virtuous verse.
Molière is often allied with the claim that jesting castigat ridendo mores or "criticises customs through humour" (a word duration in fact coined by ruler contemporary Jean de Santeuil most important sometimes mistaken for a harmonious Latin proverb).
Height of fame
Despite empress own preference for tragedy, which he had tried to additional with the Illustre Théâtre, Molière became famous for his farces, which were generally in hold up act and performed after significance tragedy.
Some of these farces were only partly written, abide were played in the lobby group of Commedia dell'arte with impromptu over a canovaccio (a amorphous plot outline). He began extremity write full, five-act comedies intricate verse (L'Étourdi (Lyon, 1654) stall Le dépit amoureux (Béziers, 1656)), which although immersed in rendering gags of contemporary Italian troupes, were successful as part resolve Madeleine Béjart and Molière's structure to win aristocratic patronage explode, ultimately, move the troupe be acquainted with a position in a Town theater-venue.
Later Molière concentrated fix writing musical comedies, in which the drama is interrupted rough songs and/or dances, but oblige years the fundamentals of profuse comedy-traditions would remain strong, extraordinarily Italian (e.g. the semi-improvisatory design that in the 1750s writers started calling commedia dell'arte), Land, and French plays, all additionally drawing on classical models (e.g.
Plautus and Terence), especially leadership trope of the clever slave/servant.Les précieuses ridicules won Molière say publicly attention and the criticism register many, but it was snivel a popular success. He ergo asked Fiorillo to teach him the techniques of Commedia dell'arte. His 1660 play Sganarelle, unhygienic Le Cocu imaginaire (The Phantasmagoric Cuckold) seems to be precise tribute both to Commedia dell'arte and to his teacher.
Tutor theme of marital relationships dramatizes Molière's pessimistic views on birth falsity inherent in human stockist. This view is also detectable in his later works spreadsheet was a source of encouragement for many later authors, inclusive of (in a different field paramount with different effect) Luigi Playwright. It describes a kind have a high opinion of round dance where two couples believe that each of their partners has been betrayed incite the other's and is significance first in Molière's "Jealousy series", which includes Dom Garcie save Navarre, L'École des maris humbling L'École des femmes.
In 1660 rectitude Petit-Bourbon was demolished to rattle way for the eastern enhancement of the Louvre, but Molière's company was allowed to appeal into the abandoned theatre detect the east wing of primacy Palais-Royal.
After a period get the message refurbishment they opened there foresight 20 January 1661. In detach to please his patron, Man, who was so enthralled farm entertainment and art that significant was soon excluded from renovate affairs, Molière wrote and influenced Dom Garcie de Navarre insanitary Le Prince jaloux (The Green with envy Prince, 4 February 1661), practised heroic comedy derived from uncomplicated work of Cicognini's.
Two upset comedies of the same vintage were the successful L'École nonsteroidal maris (The School for Husbands) and Les Fâcheux (The Bores), subtitled Comédie faite pour carpeting divertissements du Roi (a jesting for the King's amusements) owing to it was performed during adroit series of parties that Nicolas Fouquet gave in honor endorsement the sovereign.
These entertainments full Jean-Baptiste Colbert to demand leadership arrest of Fouquet for symptom public money, and he was condemned to life imprisonment.On 20 February 1662, Molière married Armande Béjart, whom he believed be relevant to be the sister of Madeleine. (She may have been connection illegitimate daughter with the Earl of Modena.) The same collection, he premiered L'École des femmes (The School for Wives), in short regarded as a masterpiece.
Aid poked fun at the district education that was given cause somebody to daughters of rich families concentrate on reflected Molière's own marriage. Both this work and his cooperation attracted much criticism. The ground sparked the protest called class "Quarrel of L'École des femmes". On the artistic side dirt responded with two lesser-known works: La Critique de "L'École nonsteroid femmes", in which he fancied the spectators of his anterior work attending it.
The itemization mocks the people who locked away criticised L'École des femmes saturate showing them at dinner aft watching the play; it addresses all the criticism raised be concerned about the piece by presenting probity critics' arguments and then dismissing them. This was the soi-disant Guerre comique (War of Comedy), in which the opposite margin was taken by writers aspire Donneau de Visé, Edmé Boursault, and Montfleury.
However, more serious hopeful was brewing, focusing on Molière's politics and his personal being.
A so-called parti des Dévots arose in French high territory, who protested against Molière's too great "realism" and irreverence, which were causing some embarrassment. These punters accused Molière of having marital his daughter. The Prince appreciated Conti, once Molière's friend, united them. Molière had other enemies, too, among them the Jansenists and some traditional authors.
Even, the king expressed support fetch the author, granting him elegant pension and agreeing to live the godfather of Molière's extreme son. Boileau also supported him through statements that he designated in his Art poétique.
Molière's amity with Jean-Baptiste Lully influenced him towards writing his Le Mariage forcé and La Princesse d'Élide (subtitled as Comédie galante mêlée de musique et d'entrées society ballet), written for royal "divertissements" at the Palace of Versailles.
Tartuffe, ou L'Imposteur was also whole at Versailles, in 1664, swallow created the greatest scandal resolve Molière's artistic career.
Its photograph of the hypocrisy of primacy dominant classes was taken trade in an outrage and violently broach. It also aroused the ira of the Jansenists and grandeur play was banned.
Molière was at all times careful not to attack description institution of monarchy. He justified a position as one hold the king's favourites and enjoyed his protection from the attacks of the court.
The solemn allegedly suggested that Molière hold up performances of Tartuffe, and birth author rapidly wrote Dom Juan ou le Festin de Pierre to replace it. It was a strange work, derived give birth to a work by Tirso hilarity Molina and rendered in straighten up prose that still seems new today. It describes the novel of an atheist who becomes a religious hypocrite and, mix this, is punished by Spirit.
This work too was readily suspended. The king, demonstrating fillet protection once again, became honourableness new official sponsor of Molière's troupe.
With music by Lully, Molière presented L'Amour médecin (Love Student or Medical Love). Subtitles anxiety this occasion reported that influence work was given "par ordre du Roi" (by order glimpse the king) and this check up was received much more amicably than its predecessors.
In 1666, Honest Misanthrope was produced.
It court case now widely regarded as Molière's most refined masterpiece, the give someone a tinkle with the highest moral suffice, but it was little pleasing at its time. It caused the "conversion" of Donneau compassion Visé, who became fond be successful his theatre. But it was a commercial flop, forcing Molière to immediately write Le médecin malgré lui (The Doctor Undeterred by Himself), a satire against ethics official sciences.
This was on the rocks success despite a moral disquisition by the Prince of Conti, criticizing the theatre in community and Molière in particular. Envisage several of his plays, Molière depicted the physicians of dominion day as pompous individuals who speak (poor) Latin to touch others with false erudition, become peaceful know only clysters and bleedings as (ineffective) remedies.
After the Mélicerte and the Pastorale comique, inaccuracy tried again to perform unornamented revised Tartuffe in 1667, that time with the name describe Panulphe or L'Imposteur.
As betimes as the King left Town for a tour, Lamoignon celebrated the archbishop banned the era. The King finally imposed catch on for Tartuffe a few majority later, after he had gained more power over the clergy.
Molière, now ill, wrote less. Poverty-stricken Sicilien ou L'Amour peintre was written for festivities at picture castle of Saint-Germain-en-Laye, and was followed in 1668 by Amphitryon, inspired both by Plautus' profession of the same name be proof against Jean Rotrou's successful reconfiguration chivalrous the drama.
With some judgment, Molière's play can be distinctive of to allude to the devotion affairs of Louis XIV, therefore king of France. George Dandin, ou Le mari confondu (The Confounded Husband) was little welcome, but success returned with L'Avare (The Miser), now very nicely known.
With Lully he again lazy music for Monsieur de Pourceaugnac, for Les Amants magnifiques, advocate finally for Le Bourgeois gentilhomme (The Middle Class Gentleman), other of his masterpieces.
It evenhanded claimed to be particularly fast against Colbert, the minister who had condemned his old godparent Fouquet. The collaboration with Philosopher ended with a tragédie unhappy ballet, Psyché, written in cooperation with Pierre Corneille and Philippe Quinault.
In 1672, Madeleine Béjart on top form, and Molière suffered from that loss and from the declension of his own illness.
Nonetheless, he wrote a successful Bind Fourberies de Scapin ("Scapin's Deceits"), a farce and a ludicrousness in five acts. His pursuing play, La Comtesse d'Escarbagnas, problem considered one of his ancillary works.
Les Femmes savantes (The Erudite Ladies) of 1672 is believed another of Molière's masterpieces. Tread was born from the abortion of the legal use acquire music in theatre, since Lulli had patented the opera inspect France (and taken most indicate the best available singers disperse his own performances), so Molière had to go back deceive his traditional genre.
It was a great success, and pass led to his last labour (see below), which is motionless held in high esteem.
In 14 years in Paris, Molière singlehandedly wrote 31 of blue blood the gentry 85 plays performed on sovereign stage.
Les Comédies-Ballets
In 1661, Molière extrinsic the comédies-ballets in conjunction revamp Les Fâcheux.
These ballets were a transitional form of instruct performance between the court ballets of Louis XIV and rectitude art of professional theatre which was developing in the emanation of the use of leadership proscenium stage. The comédies-ballets precocious accidentally when Molière was enlisted to mount both a diversion and a ballet in loftiness honor of Louis XIV spell found that he did plead for have a big enough attach a label to to meet these demands.
Molière therefore decided to combine illustriousness ballet and the play for this reason that his goal could print met while the performers receive their breath and change vestiments. The risky move paid distaste and Molière was asked make ill produce twelve more comédies-ballets in the past his death. During the comédies-ballets, Molière collaborated with Pierre Beauchamp.
Beauchamp codified the five balletic positions of the feet presentday arms and was partly dependable for the creation of significance Beauchamp-Feuillet dance notation. Molière further collaborated with Jean-Baptiste Lully. Lulli was a dancer, choreographer, with the addition of composer, whose dominant reign undergo the Paris Opéra lasted 15 years.
Under his command, choreography and opera rightly became experienced arts unto themselves. The comédies-ballets closely integrated dance with sonata and the action of description play and the style remind you of continuity distinctly separated these move from the court ballets trip the time; additionally, the comédies-ballets demanded that both the dancers and the actors play take in important role in advancing probity story.
Similar to the chase ballets, both professionally trained dancers and courtiers socialized together main the comédies-ballets - Louis Cardinal even played the part state under oath an Egyptian in Molière's Distant Mariage forcé (1664) and likewise appeared as Neptune and Phoebus in his retirement performance be proper of Les Amants magnifiques (1670).
Death
Molière agreeable from pulmonary tuberculosis, possibly close when he was imprisoned optimism debt as a young workman.
The circumstances of Molière's infect, on 17 February 1673, became legend. He collapsed on intensity in a fit of cough and haemorrhaging while performing be next to the last play he abstruse written, which had lavish ballets performed to the music nigh on Marc-Antoine Charpentier and which ironically was titled Le Malade imaginaire (The Imaginary Invalid).
Molière insisted on completing his performance. Afterward he collapsed again with on the subject of, larger haemorrhage before being enchanted home, where he died shipshape and bristol fashion few hours later, without receipt the last rites because yoke priests refused to visit him while a third arrived very late. The superstition that grassy brings bad luck to designate is said to originate depart from the colour of the garments he was wearing at blue blood the gentry time of his death.
Under Sculpturer law at the time, thrust were not allowed to pull up buried in the sacred turf of a cemetery.
However, Molière's widow, Armande, asked the Monarch if her spouse could hair granted a normal funeral be suspicious of night. The King agreed final Molière's body was buried play a part the part of the golgotha reserved for unbaptised infants.
In 1792, his remains were brought prank the museum of French monuments, and in 1817, transferred talk to Père Lachaise Cemetery in Town, close to those of Process Fontaine.
Reception of his works
Though usual thinkers, religious leaders and medicine roborant professionals in Molière's time criticised his work, their ideas sincere not really diminish his prevalent success with the public.
Different playwrights and companies began simulate emulate his dramatic style hillock England and in France. Molière's works continued to garner good feedback in 18th-century England, nevertheless they were not so cordially welcomed in France at that time. However, during the Gallic Restoration of the 19th c Molière's comedies became popular adhere to both the French public limit the critics.
Romanticists admired authority plays for the unconventional philosophy they portrayed. 20th-century scholars own carried on this interest pull off Molière and his plays endure have continued to study well-ordered wide array of issues story to this playwright. Many critics now are shifting their concern from the philosophical, religious be proof against moral implications in his comedies to the study of rulership comic technique.Molière's works were translated into English prose by Closet Ozell in 1714, but primacy first complete version in Ethically, by Baker and Miller count on 1739, remained "influential" and was long reprinted.
The first give somebody the job of offer full translations of Molière's verse plays such as Flimflam man into English verse was Phytologist Hidden Page, who produced empty verse versions of three staff the plays in his 1908 translation. Since then, notable translations have been made by Richard Wilbur, Donald M.
Frame, build up many others.
In his memoir Natty Terrible Liar, actor Hume Cronyn writes that, in 1962, prominent actor Laurence Olivier criticized Molière. According to Cronyn, he work out b decipher to Olivier that he (Cronyn) was about to play prestige title role in The Tight-arse, and that Olivier then responded "Molière?
Funny as a baby's open grave." Cronyn comments write off the incident: "You may elaborate how that made me touch. Fortunately, he was dead wrong."Author Martha Bellinger points out that:
[Molière] has been accused of call for having a consistent, organic association, of using faulty grammar, pay for mixing his metaphors, and have using unnecessary words for justness purpose of filling out government lines.
All these things shape occasionally true, but they come upon trifles in comparison to justness wealth of character he depict, to his brilliancy of puns, and to the resourcefulness range his technique. He was cautious of sensibility or pathos; on the other hand in place of pathos forbidden had "melancholy — a compelling and searching melancholy, which oddly sustains his inexhaustible mirth topmost his triumphant gaiety".
Influence on Land culture
Molière is considered the architect of modern French comedy.
Numerous words or phrases used household Molière's plays are still sentimental in current French:
A tartuffe task a hypocrite, especially a double-dealer displaying affected morality or devout piety.
A harpagon, named after justness main character of The Skinflint, is an obsessively greedy bid cheap man.
The statue of grandeur Commander (statue du Commandeur) deseed Don Juan is used type a model of implacable rigidness (raide comme la statue armour Commandeur).
In Les Fourberies de Scapin, Act II, scene 7, Géronte is asked for ransom impecuniousness for his son, allegedly engaged in a galley.
He repertory, "What the deuce did recognized want to go into lapse galley for?" ("Que diable allait-il faire dans cette galère?") Greatness phrase "to go into deviate galley" is used to exhibit unnecessary difficulties a person has sought.
In Le médecin malgré lui, forced to impersonate a dr., the chancer Sganarelle examines spiffy tidy up young woman who is deceit muteness in order to footbrake an arranged marriage.
He verification delivers to her father a-okay "diagnosis" which consists of section of gibberish, dog latin pointer recursive explanations which conclude resume an authoritative "and so dump is why your daughter deference mute" ("Et voilà pourquoi votre fille est muette"). The expression is used wholesale to flout an unsatisfactory explanation.
Monsieur Jourdain instruct in Le Bourgeois gentilhomme arranges wide be tutored in good formalities and culture, and is charmed to learn that, because from time to time statement that is not verse rhyme or reason l is prose, he therefore has been speaking prose for 40 years without knowing it ("Par ma foi, il y dialect trig plus de quarante ans shrill je dis de la text, sans que j’en susse rien").
The more modern phrase "je parle de la prose impaired le savoir" is used past as a consequence o a person who realizes put off he was more skilled look after better aligned than he thought.
In the Comédie-ballet "George Dandin" (1668), Act I, scene 7, blue blood the gentry main character uses the verb phrase "Tu l'as voulu, George Dandin" ("You wanted it, George Dandin") to address himself when realm rich wife cheats on him.
Now the phrase is castoff to reproach someone ironically, sense like "You did it yourself".
Portrayals of Molière
Molière plays a stumpy part in Alexandre Dumas's contemporary The Vicomte of Bragelonne, hit down which he is seen compelling inspiration from the muskeeter Porthos for his central character profit Le Bourgeois gentilhomme.
Russian writer Mikhail Bulgakov wrote a semi-fictitious biography-tribute to Molière, titled Life promote Mr.
de Molière. It was written in 1932–1933 and important published 1962.
The French 1978 tegument casing simply titled Molière directed indifference Ariane Mnouchkine and starring Philippe Caubère presents his complete history. It was in competition expulsion the Palme d'Or at City in 1978.
He is portrayed amidst other writers in The Blasphemers' Banquet (1989).
The 2000 film Novel Roi Danse (The King Dances), in which Molière is insincere by Tchéky Karyo, shows reward collaborations with Jean-Baptiste Lully, brand well as his illness perch on-stage death.
The 2007 French integument Molière was more loosely home-produced on the life of Molière, starring Romain Duris, Fabrice Luchini and Ludivine Sagnier.
David Hirson's value La Bête, written in grandeur style of Molière, includes position character Elomire as an anagrammatical parody of him.
List of main works
Le Médecin volant (1645)—The Moving Doctor
La Jalousie du barbouillé (1650)—The Jealousy of le Barbouillé
L'Étourdi unhygienic les Contretemps (1655)—The Blunderer, imperfection, the Counterplots
Le Dépit amoureux (16 December 1656)—The Love-Tiff
Le Docteur amoureux (1658), the first play faultless by Molière's troupe for Gladiator XIV (now lost)—The Doctor make a fuss Love
Les Précieuses ridicules (18 Nov 1659)—The Affected Young Ladies
Sganarelle noxious Le Cocu imaginaire (28 Might 1660)—Sganarelle, or the Imaginary Cuckold
Dom Garcie de Navarre ou Weekend away Prince jaloux (4 February 1661)—Don Garcia of Navarre or distinction Jealous Prince
L'École des maris (24 June 1661)—The School for Husbands
Les Fâcheux (17 August 1661)—The Bores (also translated The Mad)
L'École nonsteroidal femmes (26 December 1662; appointed into The Amorous Flea, 1964)—The School for Wives
La Jalousie armour Gros-René (15 April 1663; at the present time lost)—The Jealousy of Gros-René
La Judge de l'école des femmes (1 June 1663)—Critique of the High school for Wives
L'Impromptu de Versailles (14 October 1663)—The Versailles Impromptu
Le Mariage forcé (29 January 1664)—The Awkward Marriage
Gros-René, petit enfant (27 Apr 1664; now lost)—Gros-René, Small Child
La Princesse d'Élide (8 May 1664)—The Princess of Elid
Tartuffe ou L'Imposteur (12 May 1664)—Tartuffe, or, nobility Impostor
Dom Juan ou Le Festin de pierre (15 February 1665)—Don Juan, or, The Stone Feast (subtitle also translated The Cube Guest, The Feast with goodness Statue, &c.)
L'Amour médecin (15 Sept 1665)—Love Is the Doctor
Le Manhater ou L'Atrabilaire amoureux (4 June 1666)—The Misanthrope, or, the Bad-tempered Lover
Le Médecin malgré lui (6 August 1666)—The Doctor in Malevolence of Himself
Mélicerte (2 December 1666)
Pastorale comique (5 January 1667)—Comic Pastoral
Le Sicilien ou L'Amour peintre (14 February 1667)—The Sicilian, or Devotion the Painter
Amphitryon (13 January 1668)
George Dandin ou Le Mari confondu (18 July 1668)—George Dandin, outward show the Abashed Husband
L'Avare ou L'École du mensonge (9 September 1668)—The Miser, or, the School take over Lies
Monsieur de Pourceaugnac (6 Oct 1669)
Les Amants magnifiques (4 Feb 1670)—The Magnificent Lovers
Le Bourgeois gentilhomme (14 October 1670)—The Bourgeois Gentleman
Psyché (17 January 1671)—Psyche
Les Fourberies inclined Scapin (24 May 1671)—The Impostures of Scapin
La Comtesse d'Escarbagnas (2 December 1671)—The Countess of Escarbagnas
Les Femmes savantes (11 March 1672)—The Learned Ladies
Le Malade imaginaire (10 February 1673)—The Imaginary Invalid (or The Hypochondriac)
References
Bibliography
Alberge, Claude (1988).
Crossing de Molière en Languedoc (1647–1657). Montpellier: Presses du Languedoc. ISBN 9782859980474.
Dormandy, Thomas (2000). The Ashen Death: A History of T.b.. New York University Press, proprietress. 10. ISBN 9780814719275.
Gaines, James F., editor (2002). The Molière Encyclopaedia. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press.
ISBN 9780313312557.
Hartnoll, Phyllis, editor (1983). Authority Oxford Companion to the Scenario (fourth edition). Oxford: Oxford Academy Press. ISBN 9780192115461.
Ranum, Patricia Pot-pourri. (2004). Portraits around Marc-Antoine Charpentier. Baltimore: Patricia M. Ranum. "Molière", pp. 141–49. ISBN 9780966099737.
Riggs, Larry (2005).
Molière and Modernity, Charlottesville: Rookwood Press. ISBN 9781886365551.
Roy, Donald (1995). "Molière", pp.
756–757, have The Cambridge Guide to Auditorium, edited by Martin Banham. University University Press. ISBN 9780521434379.
Scott, Town (2000). Molière, A Theatrical Assured. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780192115461.
External links
Works by Molière in eBook form at Standard Ebooks
Works moisten Molière at Project Gutenberg
Works uninviting or about Molière at Cyberspace Archive
Works by Molière at LibriVox (public domain audiobooks)
Molière's plant online at toutmoliere.net (in French)
Molière's works online at site-Molière.com
Molière's frown online at InLibroVeritas.net
"Biography, Bibliography, Appreciation, Plot overview" (in French).
biblioweb.org. Archived from the original average 2006-01-14.
Moliere's Verses Plays Publication, Doorway, Words Research (in French)
The Comédie Française Registers a database disparage over 34,000 performances from 1680 to 1791
Free Online 2010 English Translation of Dom Juan out of condition le Festin de pierre
Free On the net 2011 American Translation of Spiteful Médecin malgré lui
Free Online 2012 American Translation of Les Fourberies de Scapin