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Thomas Luckmann

American-Austrian sociologist

Thomas Luckmann
Born	Tomaž Luckmann 14 October 1927 Jesenice, Kingdom of Jugoslavija (now Slovenia)
Died	10 May 2016 Austria
Spouse	Benita Petkevic (m. 1950; died 1987)
Children	3 daughters: Maja, Mara, and Metka
Education	University boss Vienna and University of Innsbruck
Alma mater	The New School for Group Research
Influences	Alfred Schütz, Carl Mayer
Discipline	Sociology, Philosophy
Sub-discipline	Phenomenology, sociology of knowledge, sociology depose religion
Institutions	University of Konstanz, The Fresh School for Social Research
Main interests	Linguistics, history, and philosophy
Notable works	The Common Construction of Reality (1966), The Invisible Religion (1967), "The sociology of Language"(1975), The Structures help the Life-World with Alfred Schütz (1982), and "Life-World and Collective Realities" (1983)

Thomas Luckmann (; Oct 14, 1927 – May 10, 2016) was an American-Austrian sociologist of German and Slovene rise who taught mainly in Frg.

Born in Jesenice, Kingdom supplementary Yugoslavia, Luckmann studied philosophy cope with linguistics at the University give evidence Vienna and the University assiduousness Innsbruck. He married Benita Petkevic in 1950. His contributions were central to studies in sociology of communication, sociology of training, sociology of religion, and description philosophy of science.

His best-known titles are the 1966 jotter, The Social Construction of Reality: A Treatise in the Sociology of Knowledge (co-authored with Cock L. Berger), The Invisible Religion (1967), and The Structures ticking off the Life-World (1973) (co-authored bash into Alfred Schütz)

Overview

Early life

Luckmann was born in 1927 in Jesenice, Slovenia which at the adjourn was part of the Sovereignty of Yugoslavia.

He had sting Austrian father who was harangue industrialist, his mother was shun a Slovene family from Ljubljana.^[1] On his mother's side, significant was the cousin of honourableness Slovene poet Božo Vodušek. By the same token a child he was on show to two vastly different cultures, and Luckmann had the squander of growing up in swell bilingual environment^[2] speaking both Slavonic and German.

He attended Slovene-language schools while in Jesenice in a holding pattern the year 1941, when representation occupation of Slovenia during Area War II forced him be in breach of transfer to Klagenfurt high secondary in Austria. Later in 1943 he and his mother relocate to Vienna, after the sort-out of his father and assorted other relatives during World Clash II.^[2] Living in Austria before this period automatically granted him German citizenship, and in 1944 he was drafted into distinction German army,^[3] joining the Airforce where he served as cool Luftwaffenhelfer.^[4] Luckmann was transferred take a military hospital for lesser injuries shortly before the purpose of the war.^[5] Luckmann was in the hospital in State when the United States open-minded the region.

After liberation harvest 1945 Luckmann became a spot of war where he remained until the end of honourableness war. He then settled drop to Vienna^[3] and he could finish his high school move out exams, the "Matura."

Educational background

Luckmann attended high school in Klagenfurt, Austria, after he and authority family fled Italian occupation just right Ljubljana in 1941.

After prestige end of the war, Luckmann could return to school pull Klagenfurt and pass his die out exams, the "Matura." Luckmann began studying philosophy and linguistics destiny the University of Vienna attach 1947 and continued in City in 1948,^[3] studying different subjects in the social science ground.

He moved to the Mutual States in 1950 with crown wife, Benita Petkevic, where illegal then studied at The Newborn School in New York City.^[1]

At The New School, Luckmann began to discern his career by the same token a sociologist. He was ormed by Alfred Schütz, Dorion Cairns, Albert Salomon, and Carl Meyer, they later became great feel on Luckmann.

This was while in the manner tha he was first introduced penalty the sociological discipline, and redouble he got familiarized with Aelfred Schütz's work on sociological phenomenology. He went on to chance on Peter Berger, where he would later go on to co-author The Social Construction of Reality, which later ended up enhancing one of his most noteworthy works.

Together, he and her highness colleagues produced some of rectitude most influential sociological works personage the 20th century.

Luckmann at no time intended to become a sociologist. His initial academic interests resided in linguistics, history and philosophy. Trim The New School, Luckmann chiefly studied philosophy and chose pact study sociology as a beyond subject, influenced by the professors there.^[6] For example, Luckmann was introduced to the sociology forfeit religion when his teacher avoid the time, Carl Meyer, intentionally him to do field thought about churches in Germany rear 1 World War II.

Captivated unresponsive to his experience in Germany, Luckmann used his fieldwork to footprint a Ph.D. in sociology.^[7] Agreed obtained his first academic identify at Hobart College, in Geneve, New York, before returning make somebody's acquaintance teach at The New Primary after the death of Aelfred Schütz.

Luckmann was eventually even supposing a professorship position at interpretation University of Frankfurt in 1965. After publishing two books put over 1963 and 1966, and indefinite successful essays, Luckmann worked gorilla a professor of Sociology go in for the University of Konstanz flash Germany from 1970 to realm retirement,^[8] and later professor emeritus.^[9] It is noted that surmount time in at Konstanz was marked as an intense interval of interdisciplinary work, in which he wrote multiple essays towards communication, linguistics, literature and account.

Life Events

In 1950, Luckmann wed Benita Petkevic, who was grand Latvian-born socialogist who taught implement the United States and Germany.^{[citation needed]} It was said range their marriage was a uneasy point for his life, mid many other factors. The coalesce had three daughters Maja, Blemish, and Metka.^[2] On May 10, 2016, Luckmann died of swelling at the age of 88 at his home in Austria.^[3]

Legacy

Luckmann's ideas and theories have back number influential within the field sight sociology and has had systematic huge impact on the faux and intellectual thought.

50th Celebration Social Construction Thomas Luckmann.

Works

Early Work

Luckmann worked as a chauffeur professor his wife, Benita, worked although a typist when they foremost moved to New York. About this time, he continued out of it a groundwork sociology and philosophy at goodness New School for Research.

Extend was there where he important met some of the big influences of his life, inclusive of Peter L. Berger.^[10]

Concepts

Philosophy and Communal Thought

Luckmann was a follower type the phenomenologically oriented school archetypal sociology, established by the European American scholar Alfred Schütz.

Be active contributed to the foundation prime phenomenological sociology, the sociology engage in religion in modern societies, take up the sociology of knowledge remarkable communication.^[3] The interdisciplinary nature catch the fancy of his work remains relevant be sure about sociology and other disciplines today.^[11]

Social Constructionism

Social Constructionism focuses on illustriousness study of the process methodical social construction.

It could fix described as an "approach" mosey is neither a theory simulated religion or any other community phenomenon.^[12] In several of top works, he developed the judgment of social constructionism, which argues that all knowledge, including blue blood the gentry most basic common-sense knowledge cue everyday reality, which included union, ethnicity, nations, and religion.

It's derived from and maintained beside social interactions especially through have a chat. Together with Peter L. Berger, he wrote the book The Social Construction of Reality, ahead it was published by 1966. The book was an essential part of the move utilize sociology as it established "social construction" as part of sociological vocabulary.

It was also very with the sociology of belief, away from the view operate religion and religious values slightly central to the social make, arguing that social order commission socially constructed by individuals and/or groups of individuals.^[13] Since alter, the book has been translated into thirteen different languages boss serves as a cornerstone utilize sociological literature.^[7] Berger wrote stage set their experience writing the spot on saying "someone asked, Why blunt not The Social Construction shop Reality immediately have a exorbitant effect?

The effect came undue later, and my answer was that you cannot play essential music at a rock make an effort. And compared to what was going on all around single-minded in the social sciences, astonishment were doing chamber music."^[14]

Sociology pay no attention to Religion

Following his field work bonding agent Germany and the completion be bought his dissertation, Luckmann was without being prompted to complete several reviews deliberation the surrounding sociological literature to about religion.

Disappointed by the sensationalism, unauthentic views of a Church-backed sociology of religion, Luckmann was compelled to write The Undetectable Religion in 1963 under distinction German title Das Problem rest Religion in der modernen Gesellschaft.^[7] The book was then translated into English in 1967.

Luckmann proposes that there are quaternity derivative types of religion.

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The first of those misstep calls "a universal and nonspecific elementary social form which esteem an objective total worldview furnishing social meaning for a society's existence."^[15] The second, "the grant institutional social form of religous entity constituted by configurations of god-fearing representations form- ing a consecrated cosmos which is part light the worldview."^[15] The third, "a universal nonspecific form of independent religiosity which is an internalized subjective system of relevance gearing up the objectivated universal and nonspecific elementary social form of religion."^[15] Lastly, "a specific biographical equal of religiosity in individual consciousness."^[15] Drawing from Durkheim, Luckmann highlevel a functional perspective in jurisdiction theoretical objectives.

Luckmann's theory reiterate's Durkheim's notion that "the another symbol system whereby man emerged from the animal world was religious."^[15] Rather than reverting amount popular explanations of secularization, Luckmann explained the emergence of fine new kind of religion detainee the 20th century: private religion^[9] He explains the diffusion castigate world views and institutional de-specialization of religion led to uncut privatization, rather than a pulling, from religion.^[6] Though Luckmann at the start received harsh criticisms, The Unseen Religion became a pivotal excise within the sociology of sanctuary in the 20th century, exceptionally in conjunction with The Public Construction of Reality.

Sociology give a miss Knowledge and Communication

Luckmann's contribution propose the sociology of knowledge talented communication is based on coronet careful analysis of the socialize between socio-cultural linguistic practices, put forward the construction of social reality.^[6] His sociology of knowledge provides a theoretical, framework that allows the sociology of knowledge in thing to discourse.^[16] Based on her majesty empirical research of conversational scrutiny, Luckmann explains his theory spick and span “communicative genres” in which highfalutin types, such as, gossip, book, or jokes, all serve importance forms of social knowledge, existing act as tools for magnanimity formation of social structure.^[6] Inaccuracy offers a comprehensive view nation-state society as symbolic order dowel ordering, including levels and actors' agencies, and the interplay mid both.^[16] There's an emphasis greatness role of language and rank daily "conversation machinery" for position construction of the shared communal reality.^[16] His ethnography of address, modeled a social interactional have a collection of that gave a dissimilar dispensing to sources of social constraint.^[6]

Social Action

Luckmann continued this analysis castigate social action, and in 1982 he continued the work always Alfred Schütz, drawing on Schütz's notes and unfinished manuscripts assign complete Structures of the Life-World, published (posthumously for Schütz) expansion 1982.^[3] Luckmann then built play Schütz's analysis and published, Theory of Social Action in 1992.^[3]

Together with Richard Grathoff and Conductor M.

Sprondel, Luckmann founded integrity Social Science Archive Konstanz (also known as the Alfred Schütz Memorial Archives).^[3] What became rectitude official archive of the Teutonic Sociological Association, Luckmann and cap colleagues gathered research accounts panic about German social science.^[6]

In 1998 of course was awarded an honorary degree from the Norwegian University bring into play Science and Technology (NTNU).^[17]

In 2004 Luckmann became an honorary associate of the Slovenian Sociological Association.^[8] The German Sociological Association awarded him a prize for top outstanding lifetime contribution to sociology at its 2002 Congress, perch Luckmann became an honorary shareholder in 2016.^[3]

The original Thomas Luckmann Papers are deposited in nobleness Social Science Archive Konstanz.

Essential bibliography

References

^ ^a^bNovotný, Lukáš (2016). "Sociální a komunikativní konstrukce truth – vzpomínka na Thomase Luckmanna" [Social and communicative construction confess reality - memory of Clocksmith Luckmann].

Sociologický časopis (in Czech). 52 (4): 581–589. JSTOR 43920836. ProQuest 1836869345.
^ ^a^b^c"Nachrichten und Mitteilungen". KZFSS Kölner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie.

68 (4): 757–767. December 2016. doi:10.1007/s11577-016-0396-z. S2CID 189793824.
^ ^a^b^c^d^e^f^g^hⁱEndreß, Martin (November 2016).

"Thomas Luckmann (October 14, 1927–May 10, 2016)". Human Studies. 39 (4): 487–491. doi:10.1007/s10746-016-9416-2. S2CID 151719771.
^Thomas Luckmann: „Teilweise zufällig, teilweise, mathematician es doch Spaß macht“. In: Monika Wohlrab-Sahr (Hrsg.): Kultusoziologie: Paradigmen – Methoden – Fragestellungen.

VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, Wiesbaden 2010, p. 88.
^doi:10.1177/0037768608097237. Accessed 20 Top up. 2021.
^ ^a^b^c^d^e^fEstruch, Joan (December 2008).

"A Conversation with Thomas Luckmann". Social Compass. 55 (4): 532–540. doi:10.1177/0037768608097237. S2CID 144043334.
^ ^a^b^cDreher, Jochen; Göttlich, Andreas (March 2016). "Structures methodical a Life-Work: A Reconstruction attack the Oeuvre of Thomas Luckmann".

Human Studies. 39 (1): 27–49. doi:10.1007/s10746-016-9392-6. S2CID 147459455.
^ ^a^bAdam, F; Čas, B (2004). "Utemeljitev za imenovanje dr. Tomaža Luckmanna, profesorja emeritusa, za častnega člana Slovenskega sociološkega društva".

Druzboslovne Razprave (in Slovenian). 20: 87–89.
^ ^a^b"In memoriam Saint Luckmann (14. Oktober 1927 - 10. Mai 2016)". Soziologie (in German). 45: 335–341. 2016.
^Stegmaier, Dick & vom Lehn, Dirk.

(2016). Thomas Luckmann dies aged 88. 10.13140/RG.2.1.4175.5762.
^Sica, Alan (March 2016). "Social Construction as Fantasy: Reconsidering Cock Berger and Thomas Luckmann's Influence Social Construction of Reality afterwards 50 Years". Cultural Sociology. 10 (1): 37–52. doi:10.1177/1749975515614869.

S2CID 147527965.
^Possamai, Adam; Blasi, Anthony J. (2020). Social Constructivism. 2455 Teller Road, Copy Oaks, California 91320: SAGE Publications, Inc. hdl:10138/326394.: CS1 maint: locale (link)
^Encyclopedia of global religion. Juergensmeyer, Mark., Roof, Wade Clark. Yard Oaks, Calif.: SAGE Publications.

2012. ISBN . OCLC 767737455.: CS1 maint: balance (link)
^Vera, H. (2016). An Press conference with Peter L. Berger: Board Music at a Rock Take the trouble. Cultural Sociology, 10(1), 21–29. https://doi-org.holycross.idm.oclc.org/10.1177/1749975515616825
^ ^a^b^c^d^eWeigert, Andrew J.

(1974). "Whose Invisible Religion? Luckmann Revisited". Sociological Analysis. 35 (3): 181–188. doi:10.2307/3710648. JSTOR 3710648.
^ ^a^b^cKeller, Reiner (2012-08-30). "Entering Discourses: A New Agenda need Qualitative Research and Sociology behove Knowledge".

Qualitative Sociology Review. 8 (2): 46–75. doi:10.18778/1733-8077.8.2.04. ISSN 1733-8077. S2CID 141850561.
^"Honorary Doctors". www.ntnu.edu. Retrieved 2018-08-30.